Synchronized同步机制

synchronized 如何实现同步

1. 编译Java生成.class文件

#Sync.java
package com.vip.leona.demo;

/**
 * Created by hyson 28/03/2018 8:12 AM
 */
public class Sync {
    public synchronized void f() {
    }

    public void g() {
        synchronized (this) {
        }
    }
}

//编译生成Sync.class
javac Sync.java  
//执行命令生成.class可读文件，生成完整文件如下所示
javap -v -l -p -c -s -sysinfo -classpath -bootclasspath Sync.class > Sync.txt

Classfile /Users/hyson/Documents/ws/workspace-vip/leona/src/test/java/com/vip/leona/demo/Sync.class
  Last modified Mar 28, 2018; size 399 bytes
  MD5 checksum 84d7feb31fcc5935d8afb9e2a2575248
  Compiled from "Sync.java"
public class com.vip.leona.demo.Sync
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #3.#16         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Class              #17            // com/vip/leona/demo/Sync
   #3 = Class              #18            // java/lang/Object
   #4 = Utf8               <init>
   #5 = Utf8               ()V
   #6 = Utf8               Code
   #7 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
   #8 = Utf8               f
   #9 = Utf8               g
  #10 = Utf8               StackMapTable
  #11 = Class              #17            // com/vip/leona/demo/Sync
  #12 = Class              #18            // java/lang/Object
  #13 = Class              #19            // java/lang/Throwable
  #14 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #15 = Utf8               Sync.java
  #16 = NameAndType        #4:#5          // "<init>":()V
  #17 = Utf8               com/vip/leona/demo/Sync
  #18 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #19 = Utf8               java/lang/Throwable
{
  public com.vip.leona.demo.Sync();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 6: 0

  public synchronized void f();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SYNCHRONIZED
    Code:
      stack=0, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 8: 0

  public void g();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=3, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: dup
         2: astore_1
         3: monitorenter
         4: aload_1
         5: monitorexit
         6: goto          14
         9: astore_2
        10: aload_1
        11: monitorexit
        12: aload_2
        13: athrow
        14: return
      Exception table:
         from    to  target type
             4     6     9   any
             9    12     9   any
      LineNumberTable:
        line 11: 0
        line 12: 4
        line 13: 14
      StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 2
        frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
          offset_delta = 9
          locals = [ class com/vip/leona/demo/Sync, class java/lang/Object ]
          stack = [ class java/lang/Throwable ]
        frame_type = 250 /* chop */
          offset_delta = 4
}
SourceFile: "Sync.java"

可见：synchronized
- 在方法上，实现方式为多一个标记位：ACC_SYNCHRONIZED
- 在语句块中，monitorenter，monitorexit组合实现同步

分析monitor情况

monitorenter：通过对象引用获取排它锁，这里有3种可能的场景：
- 没有其他的线程锁该对象，会在这个对象上加锁，然后执行后面的指令
- 如果该对象被其他线程加锁，会等待其他线程释放该对象锁
- 如果当前线程已经拥有该对象锁，计数器已经+1，当计数器变回0时，才会释放该对象锁

monitorexit：释放之前获得的排他锁。如果其他线程等待该对象锁释放，一个等待线程将可以获得锁并继续执行
- 单线程可以锁住对象很多次，运行是会维持一数字即该对象被当前线程锁住的次数，次数为0时才表示释放完毕。

Reference