Spring-jdbc:JdbcTemplate使用简介
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<li class="tit">标签:</li>
- spring框架 /
- jdbc /
- JdbcTemplate /
为了使 JDBC 更加易于使用,Spring 在 JDBCAPI 上定义了一个抽象层, 以此建立一个JDBC存取框架.
作为 SpringJDBC 框架的核心, JDBC 模板的设计目的是为不同类型的JDBC操作提供模板方法. 每个模板方法都能控制整个过程,并允许覆盖过程中的特定任务.通过这种方式,可以在尽可能保留灵活性的情况下,将数据库存取的工作量降到最低.
JdbcTemplate主要提供以下五类方法:
execute方法:可以用于执行任何SQL语句,一般用于执行DDL语句;
update方法及batchUpdate方法:update方法用于执行新增、修改、删除等语句;batchUpdate方法用于执行批处理相关语句;
query方法及queryForXXX方法:用于执行查询相关语句;
call方法:用于执行存储过程、函数相关语句。使用示例:
在数据库中先准备两张表:
和
在java工程中创建两个对应类:
- public class Department {
- int id;
- String deptName;
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return “Department [id=” + id + “, deptName=” + deptName + “]”;
- }
- }
public class Department { int id; String deptName; @Override public String toString() { return "Department [id=" + id + ", deptName=" + deptName + "]"; } }
- public class Employee {
- int id;
- String lastName;
- String email;
- Department department;
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return “Employee [id=” + id + “, lastName=” + lastName + “, email=”
- + email + ”, department=” + department + “]”;
- }
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getLastName() {
- return lastName;
- }
- public void setLastName(String lastName) {
- this.lastName = lastName;
- }
- public String getEmail() {
- return email;
- }
- public void setEmail(String email) {
- this.email = email;
- }
- public Department getDepartment() {
- return department;
- }
- public void setDepartment(Department department) {
- this.department = department;
- }
- }
public class Employee { int id; String lastName; String email; Department department; @Override public String toString() { return "Employee [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email + ", department=" + department + "]"; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Department getDepartment() { return department; } public void setDepartment(Department department) { this.department = department; } }
引入Spring框架相关的jar包以及c3p0和mysql连接jar包。为了对方法进行测试,这里还需要引入JUnit4.这里以导入外部属性文件的方式来配置数据源:jdbc.properties文件内容如下:
- user=root
- password=123
- driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring
- initPoolSize=5
- maxPoolSize=10
user=root password=123 driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring initPoolSize=5 maxPoolSize=10
在xml文件中,导入这个属性文件以及配置c3p0数据源:- <!– 导入资源文件 –>
- <context:property-placeholder location=“classpath:jdbc.properties”/>
- <!– 配置 c3p0 数据源 –>
- <bean id=“dataSource”
- class=“com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource”>
- <property name=“user” value=“{user}"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"password"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">value</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">" {user}"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"password"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">value</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">" {password}”></property>
- <property name=“jdbcUrl” value=“{jdbcUrl}"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"driverClass"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">value</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">" {jdbcUrl}"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"driverClass"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">value</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">" {driverClass}”></property>
- <property name=“initialPoolSize” value=“{initPoolSize}"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"maxPoolSize"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">value</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">" {initPoolSize}"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"></</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">property</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"maxPoolSize"</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">value</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">" {maxPoolSize}”></property>
- </bean>
<!-- 导入资源文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/> <!-- 配置 c3p0 数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="user" value="${user}"></property> <property name="password" value="${password}"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${initPoolSize}"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${maxPoolSize}"></property> </bean>
配置好dataSource后就可以用这个数据源来配置JdbcTemplate了,在xml文件中添加:- <!– 配置 spring 的 JdbcTemplate –>
- <bean id=“jdbcTemplate”
- class=“org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate”>
- <property name=“dataSource” ref=“dataSource”></property>
- </bean>
接下来创建一个测试类对JdbcTemplate的方法进行测试:<!-- 配置 spring 的 JdbcTemplate --> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean>
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
- import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
- import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
- public class JDBCTest {
- private ApplicationContext ctx= null;
- private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = null;
- // private EmployeeDao employee;
- {
- ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“ApplicationContext.xml”);
- jdbcTemplate = (JdbcTemplate) ctx.getBean(”jdbcTemplate”);
- }
- /**
- * 执行 INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE
- */
- @Test
- public void testUpdate() {
- String sql = ”UPDATE employees SET last_name = ? WHERE id = ?”;
- jdbcTemplate.update(sql, ”Jack”, 5);
- }
- /**
- * 测试批量更新操作
- * 最后一个参数是 Object[] 的 List 类型:因为修改一条记录需要一个 Object 数组,修改多条记录就需要一个 List 来存放多个数组。
- */
- @Test
- public void testBatchUpdate() {
- String sql = ”INSERT INTO employees(last_name, email, dept_id) VALUES(?,?,?)”;
- List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
- batchArgs.add(new Object[]{“AA”, “aa@atguigu.com”, 1});
- batchArgs.add(new Object[]{“BB”, “bb@atguigu.com”, 2});
- batchArgs.add(new Object[]{“CC”, “cc@atguigu.com”, 3});
- batchArgs.add(new Object[]{“DD”, “dd@atguigu.com”, 3});
- batchArgs.add(new Object[]{“EE”, “ee@atguigu.com”, 2});
- jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
- }
- /**
- * 从数据库中获取一条记录,实际得到对应的一个对象
- * 注意:不是调用 queryForObject(String sql, Class<Employee> requiredType, Object… args) 方法!
- * 而需要调用 queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper, Object… args)
- * 1、其中的 RowMapper 指定如何去映射结果集的行,常用的实现类为 BeanPropertyRowMapper
- * 2、使用 SQL中的列的别名完成列名和类的属性名的映射,例如 last_name lastName
- * 3、不支持级联属性。 JdbcTemplate 只能作为一个 JDBC 的小工具, 而不是 ORM 框架
- */
- @Test
- public void testQueryForObject() {
- String sql = ”SELECT id, last_name lastName,email,dept_id as \”department.id\” FROM employees WHERE ID = ?”;
- RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Employee.class);
- //在将数据装入对象时需要调用set方法。
- Employee employee = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, rowMapper, 1);
- System.out.println(employee);
- }
- /**
- * 一次查询多个对象
- * 注意:调用的不是 queryForList 方法
- */
- @Test
- public void testQueryForList() {
- String sql = ”SELECT id, last_name lastName, email FROM employees WHERE id > ?”;
- RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Employee.class);
- List<Employee> employees = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, rowMapper,5);
- System.out.println(employees);
- }
- /**
- * 获取单个列的值或做统计查询
- * 使用 queryForObject(String sql, Class<Long> requiredType)
- */
- @Test
- public void testQueryForObject2() {
- String sql = ”SELECT count(id) FROM employees”;
- long count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Long.class);
- System.out.println(count);
- }
- }
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; public class JDBCTest { private ApplicationContext ctx= null; private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = null; // private EmployeeDao employee; { ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml"); jdbcTemplate = (JdbcTemplate) ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplate"); } /** * 执行 INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE */ @Test public void testUpdate() { String sql = "UPDATE employees SET last_name = ? WHERE id = ?"; jdbcTemplate.update(sql, "Jack", 5); } /** * 测试批量更新操作 * 最后一个参数是 Object[] 的 List 类型:因为修改一条记录需要一个 Object 数组,修改多条记录就需要一个 List 来存放多个数组。 */ @Test public void testBatchUpdate() { String sql = "INSERT INTO employees(last_name, email, dept_id) VALUES(?,?,?)"; List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>(); batchArgs.add(new Object[]{"AA", "aa@atguigu.com", 1}); batchArgs.add(new Object[]{"BB", "bb@atguigu.com", 2}); batchArgs.add(new Object[]{"CC", "cc@atguigu.com", 3}); batchArgs.add(new Object[]{"DD", "dd@atguigu.com", 3}); batchArgs.add(new Object[]{"EE", "ee@atguigu.com", 2}); jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs); } /** * 从数据库中获取一条记录,实际得到对应的一个对象 * 注意:不是调用 queryForObject(String sql, Class<Employee> requiredType, Object... args) 方法! * 而需要调用 queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper, Object... args) * 1、其中的 RowMapper 指定如何去映射结果集的行,常用的实现类为 BeanPropertyRowMapper * 2、使用 SQL中的列的别名完成列名和类的属性名的映射,例如 last_name lastName * 3、不支持级联属性。 JdbcTemplate 只能作为一个 JDBC 的小工具, 而不是 ORM 框架 */ @Test public void testQueryForObject() { String sql = "SELECT id, last_name lastName,email,dept_id as \"department.id\" FROM employees WHERE ID = ?"; RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Employee.class); //在将数据装入对象时需要调用set方法。 Employee employee = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, rowMapper, 1); System.out.println(employee); } /** * 一次查询多个对象 * 注意:调用的不是 queryForList 方法 */ @Test public void testQueryForList() { String sql = "SELECT id, last_name lastName, email FROM employees WHERE id > ?"; RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Employee.class); List<Employee> employees = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, rowMapper,5); System.out.println(employees); } /** * 获取单个列的值或做统计查询 * 使用 queryForObject(String sql, Class<Long> requiredType) */ @Test public void testQueryForObject2() { String sql = "SELECT count(id) FROM employees"; long count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Long.class); System.out.println(count); } }
在实际的使用中,一般会创建一个dao类来封装对某个对象的所有增删改查操作.比如,创建一个EmployeeDao类如下:
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
- import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
- import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
- @Repository
- public class EmployeeDao {
- @Autowired
- private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
- public Employee get(Integer id) {
- String sql = ”SELECT id, last_name lastName, email FROM employees WHERE id = ?”;
- RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Employee.class);
- Employee employee = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, rowMapper, id);
- return employee;
- }
- }
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; @Repository public class EmployeeDao { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; public Employee get(Integer id) { String sql = "SELECT id, last_name lastName, email FROM employees WHERE id = ?"; RowMapper<Employee> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Employee.class); Employee employee = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, rowMapper, id); return employee; } }
在这个Dao类中实现了通过id来获取记录并封装成对象返回的方法。如果有需要还可以实现其他操作如插入、删除、更新等。由于这里使用了注解来配置bean以及bean的自动装配,所以还需要在xml文件中添加(要先导入context命名空间):
- <context:component-scan base-package=“com.atguigu.spring.jdbc”></context:component-scan>
测试一下EmployeeDao:<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring.jdbc"></context:component-scan>
- @Test
- public void testEmployeeDao() {
- EmployeeDao employeeDao = (EmployeeDao) ctx.getBean(”employeeDao”);
- Employee employee = employeeDao.get(1);
- System.out.println(employee);
- }
@Test public void testEmployeeDao() { EmployeeDao employeeDao = (EmployeeDao) ctx.getBean("employeeDao"); Employee employee = employeeDao.get(1); System.out.println(employee); }
打印输出如下:总结:JdbcTemplate是Spring框架自带的对JDBC操作的封装,目的是提供统一的模板方法使对数据库的操作更加方便、友好,效率也不错。但是功能还是不够强大(比如不支持级联属性),在实际应用中还需要和hibernate、mybaties等框架混合使用。
</div> </article>