1.函数名: stpcpy ,strcpy
功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
char *strcpy(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
stpcpy(string, str1);
printf("%s/n", string);
return 0;
}
输出:abcdefghi
2.函数名: strcat
功 能: 字符串拼接函数
用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char destination[25];
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";
strcpy(destination, Borland);
strcat(destination, blank);
strcat(destination, c);
printf("%s/n", destination);
return 0;
}
输出:Borland C++
3.函数名: strchr
功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处/
用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 'r';
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
ptr = strchr(string, c);
if (ptr)
printf("The character %c is at position: %d/n", c, ptr-string);
else
printf("The character was not found/n");
return 0;
}
例子说明:在字符串string中寻找给定的字符'r',一但找到返回字符'r'所在的位置。
输出:The character %c is at position: 12
4.函数名: strcmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
int ptr;
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1/n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1/n");
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3/n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3/n");
return 0;
}
输出:buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1
buffer 2 is less than buffer 3
5.函数名: strncmpi ,strnicmp
功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "Hello world", *buf2 = "HELLO WORLD";
int ptr = 0;
int n = strlen(buf2);
ptr = strncmpi(buf2, buf1, n);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1/n");
return 0;
}
例子说明:比较字符串buf1和buf2的前n个字符串字典序的大小,但是不区分字母大小写。
函数返回:返回整数值:当buf2<buf1时,返回值<0; 当buf2=buf1时,返回值=0; 当buf2>buf1时,返回值>0。
输出:buffer 2 equals buffer 1
6.函数名: strcspn
功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的位置
用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 = "747DC8";
int length;
length = strcspn(string1, string2);
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d/n", length);
return 0;
}
例子说明:从字符串String1的第一个字符开始查找,看其是否在字符串String2所在的集合当中,一旦找到,函数结束并返回该字附在String1中的索引值,若所有字符均不在String2的字符集合中,则返回String1的长度。本例中,字符串String1中第一个属于String2字附集合的字符为4,length返回其索引值为3。
输出:Character where strings intersect is at position 3
7.函数名: strdup
功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
用 法: char *strdup(char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";
dup_str = strdup(string);
printf("%s/n", dup_str);
free(dup_str);
return 0;
}
输出:abcde
8.函数名: strerror
功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buffer;
buffer = strerror(errno);
printf("Error: %s/n", buffer);
return 0;
}
输出:Error: Error 0
9.函数名: strcmpi ,stricmp
功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1/n");
return 0;
}
输出:buffer 2 equals buffer 1
10.函数名: strnset
功 能: 将一个串中的前n个字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char letter = 'x';
printf("string before strnset: %s/n", string);
strnset(string, letter, 13);
printf("string after strnset: %s/n", string);
return 0;
}
输出:string before strnset: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
string after strnset: xxxxxxxxxxxxxnopqrstuvwxyz
11.函数名: strpbrk
功 能: 在str1中查找第一个属于str2的字符,返回该字符
用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char *string2 = "onm";
char *ptr;
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);
if (ptr)
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c/n", *ptr);
else
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set/n");
return 0;
}
输出:strpbrk found first character: o
12.函数名: strrchr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 ,返回值返回该出现的位置。
用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 's';
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
if (ptr)
printf("The character %c is at position: %d/n", c, ptr-string);
else
printf("The character was not found/n");
return 0;
}
例子说明:由于是查找最后一个s,所以返回值返回的是最后一个s的位置。
输出:The character s is at position: 10
13.函数名: strrev
功 能: 串倒转
用 法: char *strrev(char *str);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *forward = "string";
printf("Before strrev(): %s/n", forward);
strrev(forward);
printf("After strrev(): %s/n", forward);
return 0;
}
输出: Before strrev(): string
After strrev(): gnirts
14.函数名: strset
功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[10] = "123456789";
char symbol = 'c';
printf("Before strset(): %s/n", string);
strset(string, symbol);
printf("After strset(): %s/n", string);
return 0;
}
输出:Before strset():123456789
After strset(): ccccccccc
15.函数名: strspn
功 能: 比较两个字符串,返回第一次两个字符串中字符不相等处的索引值
用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 = "123DC8";
int length;
length = strspn(string1, string2);
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d/n", length);
return 0;
}
输出:Character where strings differ is at position 3
16.函数名: strstr
功 能: 在str1中查找是否包含字符串str2,若找到,则返回str1中从与str2相等处开始,后面所有的字符串,若未找到,则返回NULL
用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
printf("The substring is: %s/n", ptr);
return 0;
}
输出:The substring is: national
17.函数名: strtok
功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 ,str2一般设置为str1中的分隔字符
规定进行子调用时(即分割s1的第二、三及后续子串)第一参数必须是NULL,函数返回值为字符串s1中首次出现s2中的字符前的子字符串指针
用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char input[16] = "abc,def,gh";
char *p;
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
in front of the token, if found */
p = strtok(input, ",");
if (p) printf("%s/n", p);
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
as the first parameter returns a pointer
to the character following the token */
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
if (p) printf("%s/n", p);
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
if (p) printf("%s/n", p);
return 0;
}
输出:abc
def
gh
18.函数名: strtol
功 能: 将串转换为长整数
用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
long lnumber;
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
printf("string = %s long = %ld/n", string, lnumber);
return 0;
}
输出:string = 87654321 long = 87654321
19.函数名: strupr
功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
用 法: char *strupr(char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;
/* converts string to upper case characters */
ptr = strupr(string);
printf("%s/n", ptr);
return 0;
}
输出:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
20.函数名: swab
功 能: 交换字节
用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
char target[15];
int main(void)
{
swab(source, target, strlen(source));
printf("This is target: %s/n", target);
return 0;
}
输出:Frank Borlrand