建造者模式

当一个类的构造函数参数个数超过4个，而且这些参数有些是可选的参数，考虑使用构造者模式。
该模式的主要优点如下：
1.封装性好，构建和表示分离。
2.扩展性好，各个具体的建造者相互独立，有利于系统的解耦。
3.客户端不必知道产品内部组成的细节，建造者可以对创建过程逐步细化，而不对其它模块产生任何影响，便于控制细节风险。

缺点如下：
1.产品的组成部分必须相同，这限制了其使用范围。
2.如果产品的内部变化复杂，如果产品内部发生变化，则建造者也要同步修改，维护成本较大。
以常见computer代码演示如下：
第一步：构造目标类

package com.company.src.BuildTest;

public class Computer {
    private String cpu;
    private String ram;
    private int usbCount;
    private String keyBoard;
    private String display;

    public Computer(String cpu, String ram) {
        this.cpu = cpu;
        this.ram = ram;
    }

    public void setUsbCount(int usbCount) {
        this.usbCount = usbCount;
    }

    public void setKeyBoard(String keyBoard) {
        this.keyBoard = keyBoard;
    }

    public void setDisplay(String display) {
        this.display = display;
    }

    public int getUsbCount() {
        return usbCount;
    }

    public String getKeyBoard() {
        return keyBoard;
    }

    public String getDisplay() {
        return display;
    }

    public String show() {
        return "Computer{" +
                "cpu='" + cpu + '\'' +
                ", ram='" + ram + '\'' +
                ", usbCount=" + usbCount +
                ", keyboard='" + keyBoard + '\'' +
                ", display='" + display + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

第二步：抽象构建者类

package com.company.src.BuildTest;

public abstract class ComputerBuilder {
    public abstract void setUsbCount();
    public abstract void setKeyBoard();
    public abstract void setDisplay();

    public abstract Computer getComputer();
}

第三步：建造实体建造者类
苹果电脑构建者类：

package com.company.src.BuildTest;

public class AppleComputerBuilder extends ComputerBuilder {

    private Computer computer;

    public AppleComputerBuilder(String cpu ,String ram) {
        this.computer = new Computer(cpu, ram);
    }

    @Override
    public void setUsbCount() {
        computer.setUsbCount(3);
    }

    @Override
    public void setKeyBoard() {
        computer.setKeyBoard("Apple 键盘");
    }

    @Override
    public void setDisplay() {
        computer.setDisplay("Apple 显示器");
    }

    @Override
    public Computer getComputer() {
        return computer;
    }
}

戴尔电脑构建者类

package com.company.src.BuildTest;

public class DellComputerBuilder extends ComputerBuilder {
    private Computer computer;

    public DellComputerBuilder(String cpu ,String ram) {
        this.computer = new Computer(cpu, ram);
    }

    @Override
    public void setUsbCount() {
        computer.setUsbCount(5);
    }

    @Override
    public void setKeyBoard() {
        computer.setKeyBoard("Dell 键盘");
    }

    @Override
    public void setDisplay() {
        computer.setDisplay("Dell 显示器");
    }

    @Override
    public Computer getComputer() {
        return computer;
    }
}

第四步：指导者类

package com.company.src.BuildTest;

public class ComputerDirector {
    public void makeComputer(ComputerBuilder builder){
        builder.setUsbCount();
        builder.setKeyBoard();
        builder.setDisplay();
    }
}

代码演示使用示例：

 //建造者模式
        ComputerDirector director = new ComputerDirector();
        ComputerBuilder builder = new AppleComputerBuilder("Apple M14 处理器","ram 三星");
        director.makeComputer(builder);
        Computer appleComputer = builder.getComputer();
        System.out.println(" Apple Computer:" + appleComputer.show());

        ComputerDirector windowsDirector = new ComputerDirector();
        ComputerBuilder dellBuild = new DellComputerBuilder("Intel i7处理器","ram金士顿");
        windowsDirector.makeComputer(dellBuild);
        Computer dellComputer = dellBuild.getComputer();

        System.out.println("Dell Computer:"+ dellComputer.show());

执行结果：