Java, Groovy & Scala: side to side 1
Posted By: Andres Almiray on Wed. Jun. 11, 2008
This is the first part of the series. I shamelessly borrowed Sundar's layout and categorization. These are the language versions I'm testing the code with in case anyone is interested
·
Java - Java5 (jdk1.6.0_06/jre1.6.0._10)
·
Groovy - 1.6-beta-2-SNAPSHOT
·
Scala - 2.7.1.final
Feature
|
Java
|
Groovy
|
Scala
|
Type System
|
Static with few dynamic checks inserted as needed.
|
Dynamic, optional static types.
|
Static, with type inference.
|
Comments
|
/* * multiline comment */ /** * javadoc comment */ // single line comment
|
/* * multiline comment */ /** * groovydoc comment */ // single line comment
|
/* * multiline comment */ /** * scaladoc comment */ // single line comment
|
End of statement
|
;
|
a new line will do most in most cases. Use ; when ambiguous
|
a new line will do most in most cases. Use ; when ambiguous
|
Control Statements - if
|
if
(condition) { // statements }
if
(condition) { // statements }
else if
(condition) { // statements }
else
{ // statements }
|
if
(condition) { // statements }
if
(condition) { // statements }
else if
(condition) { // statements }
else
{ // statements }
|
if
(condition) { // statements }
if
(condition) { // statements }
else if
(condition) { // statements }
else
{ // statements }
|
Control Statements - ternary operator
|
(condition) ? true_statement : false_statement
|
(condition) ? true_statement : false_statement
Elvis operator, a refinement over the ternary operator. If the condition expression is true then said condition expression will be the true_statement
condition ?: false_statement
|
if
(condition) true_statement
else
false_statement
|
Control Statements - while
|
while
(condition) { // statements }
do
{ // statements }
while
(condition);
|
while
(condition) { // statements }
|
while
(condition) { // statements }
do
{ // statements }
while
(condition)
|
Control Statements - for
|
for
(init; condition; increment ) { // statements }
for
(Type t: iterable ) { // statements }
|
for
(init; condition; increment ) { // statements }
for
(Type t: iterable ) { // statements }
for
( variable
in
iterable ) { // statements }
Every single object in Groovy is iterable, default impl returns the object itself
|
for
( t <- list-value ) { // statements }
list-value may also be an Array
for
( s )
yield
statement s may be one of
@Tony Morris has more info at http://blog.tmorris.net/type-safe-scala-sequence-comprehensions
|
Control Statements - switch
|
switch
(target) {
case
constant_expr: // statements [
break
] ...
default
: // statements }
|
switch
(target) {
case
constant_expr: // statements [
break
] ...
default
: // statements }
* target may be any object * case statements may use same expressions as in Java plus Strings, Matchers, regular expression, closures, ranges, any object that supports
isCase()
|
Not supported Scala has a similar feature as Groovy's any object as case (case classes and matchers, they deserve a more detailed explanation)
|
Control Statements - conditions
|
conditions must be evaluated in a boolean context
|
conditions may be evaluated in many contexts, this is known as the Groovy Truth, some rules follow (this is not a complete set, please refer to Groovy in Action or Groovy's site) evaluates to false
|
conditions must be evaluated in a Boolean context
|
String Literals
|
"Hello Java"
|
"Hello Groovy" // double quote 'Hello Groovy' // single quoute """Hello Groovy""" // multiline // variable interpolation name = "Groovy" "Hello ${name}" // evals to Hello Groovy
|
"Hello Scala" """Hello Scala""" // multiline
@Daniel mentions Scala supports triple-quote too
|
Class declaration
|
class
HelloWorld { // fields // methods }
|
class
HelloWorld { // fields // methods }
|
class
HelloWorld { // fields // methods }
// defines a singleton object
object
HelloWorld { // fields // methods }
|
原文链接 http://groovygrails.com/gg/blog/view/123147;jsessionid=11297C7AB6F87D53BBBC1CEFBCA6B0AB.vhost01