更新PYthon3.8 以及Python may not be configured for TK解决

最近开始学习Python，于是安装了ubuntu18.04LTS 并构建系统，本人小白级别，全靠网上大师指点。
在此多谢。

ubuntu18.04LTS自带的python为3.6版本
于是进行了更新3.8版本，更新方法参考：
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-11/161448.htm
更新完之后正常使用如下：

~$ python3.8
Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 23 2020, 13:19:04) 
[GCC 7.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

查看python3.8安装位置

~$ which python3.8
/usr/local/bin/python3.8

我这里没有该python3的指向，故默认python3还是原来的版本

$ python3
Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov  7 2019, 10:44:02) 
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

修改指向可参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/u014775723/article/details/85213793
https://blog.csdn.net/nightelf00/article/details/89408658

改默认python3指向，终端会打不开，需要修改gnome-terminal的第一行
默认如下：

sudo gedit  /usr/bin/gnome-terminal

#!/usr/bin/python3
import string
import subprocess
import sys
import random

查看python3的指向

$ ls -l /usr/bin | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          26 3月  27  2018 dh_pypy -> ../share/dh-python/dh_pypy
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          29 3月  27  2018 dh_python3 -> ../share/dh-python/dh_python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          23 2月  23 12:16 pdb3.6 -> ../lib/python3.6/pdb.py
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          31 2月  23 12:16 py3versions -> ../share/python3/py3versions.py
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          26 3月  27  2018 pybuild -> ../share/dh-python/pybuild
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root           9 2月  23 12:16 python3 -> python3.6 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     4526456 11月  7 18:44 python3.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          33 11月  7 18:44 python3.6-config -> x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.6-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     4526456 11月  7 18:44 python3.6m
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          34 11月  7 18:44 python3.6m-config -> x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          16 10月 25  2018 python3-config -> python3.6-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          10 2月  23 12:16 python3m -> python3.6m
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          17 10月 25  2018 python3m-config -> python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          34 11月  7 18:44 x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.6-config -> x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.6m-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root        3283 11月  7 18:44 x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          33 10月 25  2018 x86_64-linux-gnu-python3-config -> x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.6-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root          34 10月 25  2018 x86_64-linux-gnu-python3m-config -> x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.6m-config

因为python3 -> python3.6 ，所以如果将python3的指向改为3.8后，需要为gnome-terminal修改第一行:

#!/usr/bin/python3.6
import string
import subprocess
import sys
import random

到此正常使用Python3.8 安装VScode ，开始学习。

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学习turtle时候出现问题
If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
查询需要安装TK以及dev

安装tk
>> sudo apt install python3-tk  (Ubuntu)
>> yum install python3-tk    (Centos)

安装tk开发类库:
>> sudo apt install tk-dev  (Ubuntu)
>> yum install tk-devel    (Centos)

安装之后，python3.6可以正常使用

Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov  7 2019, 10:44:02) 
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter
>>> 

但是python3.8依然报错

$ python3.8
Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 23 2020, 13:19:04) 
[GCC 7.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 36, in <module>
    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'
>>> exit()

查找资料，对比自己的安装，发现，TK包已经安装，但是3.8无法调用
已经安装：

~$ sudo apt install python3-tk 
[sudo] wangnan 的密码： 
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
python3-tk 已经是最新版 (3.6.9-1~18.04)。
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 0 个软件包未被升级。

发现在python3.8 import tkinter 的时去找3.8的库文件/usr/local/lib/python3.8/

而python3.8的 tkinter so文件实际上被安装到了 /usr/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload
将文件复制到/usr/local/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload/下面

/usr/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload$ sudo cp _tkinter.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/local/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload/

之后可以正常import tkinter

~$ python3.8
Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 23 2020, 13:19:04) 
[GCC 7.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter
>>> 

参考：
https://www.jb51.net/article/54153.htm
https://blog.csdn.net/jeryjeryjery/article/details/78865362