程序设计方法与优化第九次作业

第五章 组件化开发方法
一.题目分析
本次题目基于CORBA模型以及ORB机制进行CORBA组件编程，在CS模式下进行开发。
二.CORBA模型分析

三.组件实现
题目1.Java版CORBA程序1——HelloWorld
实现详解：
1 编写IDL接口HelloWorld.idl：
module sample{
interface HelloWorld{
wstring sayHello();
};
};
2编译IDL接口：
编译结果生成sample包，生成下述文件
_HelloWorldStub.java
HelloWorld.java
HelloWorldHelper.java
HelloWorldHolder.java
HelloWorldOperations.java
HelloWorldPOA.java
3编译服务端程序:HelloWorldServer.java
import sample.;
import org.omg.CosNaming.;
import org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage.;
import org.omg.CORBA.;
import org.omg.CORBA.portable.;
import org.omg.PortableServer.;
class HelloWorldServant extends HelloWorldPOA{ //对象实现类
public String sayHello(){
return “\nHello World!+软件工程1702班+黄加诚\n”;
}
}
public class HelloWorldServer{ //服务程序
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
//初始化ORB
ORB orb = ORB.init(args, null);
//取根POA的引用
org.omg.CORBA.Object poaobj = orb.resolve_initial_references (“RootPOA”);
org.omg.PortableServer.POA rootPOA = org.omg.PortableServer.POAHelper.narrow(poaobj);
org.omg.PortableServer.POAManager manager = rootPOA.the_POAManager();
//创建伺服对象
HelloWorldServant objRef = new HelloWorldServant();
HelloWorld obj = objRef._this(orb);
//绑定命名服务
NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(orb.resolve_initial_references(“NameService”));
NameComponent nc = new NameComponent(“Hello”, “”);
NameComponent path[] = {nc};
ncRef.rebind(path, obj);
//激活POA管理器
manager.activate();
//等待处理客户程序的请求
System.out.println(“HelloWorld is running!”);
orb.run();
}catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(“ERROR: " + e);
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
}
4编译客户端程序: HelloWorldClient.java
import sample.;
import org.omg.CosNaming.;
import org.omg.CORBA.;
public class HelloWorldClient {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
ORB orb = ORB.init(args, null);
org.omg.CORBA.Object objRef = orb.resolve_initial_references(“NameService”);
NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(objRef);
NameComponent nc = new NameComponent(“Hello”,"");
NameComponent path[] = {nc};
HelloWorld helloWorld = HelloWorldHelper.narrow(ncRef.resolve(path));
String hello = helloWorld.sayHello();
System.out.println(hello);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("ERROR : " + e) ;
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
}
题目2.JAVA版CORBA程序2——Counter
实现详解：
1 IDL接口counter.idl：
module CounterApp{
interface Counter{
readonly attribute long value;
void inc();
void dec();
};
};
2编译IDL接口：
编译结果生成CounterApp包，生成下述文件
_CounterStub.java
Counter.java
CounterHelper.java
CounterHolder.java
CounterOperations.java
CounterPOA.java
3 编译对象实现代码：CounterImpl.java
import CounterApp.;
public class CounterImpl extends CounterPOA {
private int count;
public CounterImpl(){
count = 0;
}
public void inc(){
count++;
}
public void dec(){
count - -;
}
public int value(){
return count;
}
}
4编译服务端程序: Server.java
import CounterApp.;
import java.io.;
import org.omg.CosNaming.;
import org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage.;
import org.omg.CORBA.;
import org.omg.CORBA.portable.;
import org.omg.PortableServer.;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
ORB orb = ORB.init(args, null);
org.omg.CORBA.Object poaobj = orb.resolve_initial_references (“RootPOA”);
org.omg.PortableServer.POA rootPOA = org.omg.PortableServer.POAHelper.narrow(poaobj);
org.omg.PortableServer.POAManager manager = rootPOA.the_POAManager();
CounterImpl c_impl = new CounterImpl();
Counter c = c_impl._this(orb);
NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(orb.resolve_initial_references(“NameService”));
NameComponent nc = new NameComponent(“Count”, “”);
NameComponent path[] = {nc};
ncRef.rebind(path, c);
FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(“Counter.ref”);
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(file);
String ref = orb.object_to_string©;
writer.println(ref);
writer.flush();
file.close();
System.out.println(“Server started.”+" Stop:Ctrl-c");
rootPOA.the_POAManager().activate();
orb.run();
}catch(IOException ex){
System.out.println(“File error:”+ex.getMessage());
System.exit(2);
}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println("Exception: "+ex.getMessage());
System.exit(1);
}
}
}
5编译客户端程序: Client.java
import CounterApp.;
import java.util.;
import java.io.;
import org.omg.CORBA.;
import org.omg.CosNaming.;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
ORB orb = ORB.init(args, null);
org.omg.CORBA.Object obj = orb.resolve_initial_references(“NameService”);
NamingContext ncRef = NamingContextHelper.narrow(obj);
NameComponent nc = new NameComponent(“Count”,”");
NameComponent path[] = {nc};
String ref = null;
try{
Scanner reader = new Scanner(new File(“Counter.ref”));
ref = reader.nextLine();
}catch(IOException ex){
System.out.println("File error: "+ex.getMessage());
System.exit(2);
}
obj = orb.string_to_object(ref);
if(obj == null){
System.out.println(“Invalid IOR”);
System.exit(4);
}
Counter c = null;
try{
c = CounterHelper.narrow(obj);
}catch(BAD_PARAM ex){
System.out.println(“Narrowing failed”);
System.exit(3);
}
int inp = -1;
do{
System.out.print(“Counter value: “+c.value()+”\nAction(+/-/e)?”);
System.out.flush();
do{
try{
inp = System.in.read();
}catch(IOException ioe){}
}while(inp != ‘+’ && inp != ‘-’ && inp != ‘e’);
if(inp == ‘+’)
c.inc();
else if(inp == ‘-’)
c.dec();
}while(inp != ‘e’);
}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println("Exception: "+ex.getMessage());
System.exit(1);
}
}
}

四.测试、调试及运行结果
题目一：
启动名字服务器：X:\corba >tnameserv -ORBInitialPort 1050

启动服务端程序：X:\corba >java HelloWorldServer -ORBInitialPort 1050
输出：HelloWorld is running

启动客户端程序：X:\corba >java HelloWorldClient -ORBInitialPort 1050
输出：

题目二：
5 运行
启动名字服务器：X:\corba >tnameserv -ORBInitialPort 1050

启动服务端程序：X:\corba >java Server -ORBInitialPort 1050
输出：Server started. Stop: Ctrl-c

启动客户端程序：X:\corba >java Client -ORBInitialPort 1050

进行一些加减以及退出操作：

五.经验归纳
与传统的客户/服务器模式（称为双重客户/服务器模式）不同，CORBA是一种多重客户/服务器结构，更确切地说，是一种三重客户/服务器模式。双重客户/服务器模式存在的问题是两者耦合太紧，它们之间采用一种私有协议通信，服务器的改变将影响到客户端。多重客户/服务器与此不同，两者之间的通信不能直接进行，而需要通过中间的一种叫做代理的方式进行。在CORBA中这种代理就是ORB，通过它，客户和服务器不再关心通信问题，它们只需关心功能上的实现。其实，CORBA就是一种中间件技术。