type hchan struct {
qcount uint // total data in the queue
dataqsiz uint // size of the circular queue
buf unsafe.Pointer // points to an array of dataqsiz elements
elemsize uint16
closed uint32
elemtype *_type // element type
sendx uint // send index
recvx uint // receive index
recvq waitq // list of recv waiters
sendq waitq // list of send waiters
// lock protects all fields in hchan, as well as several
// fields in sudogs blocked on this channel.
//
// Do not change another G's status while holding this lock
// (in particular, do not ready a G), as this can deadlock
// with stack shrinking.
lock mutex
}
chan 类型的数据结构如图所示,本质上是一个循环队列,其中buf字段是存放元素的循环队列的 buffer,lock 则是保护字段的互斥锁。sendx和recvx 分别指向处理请求时数据的位置,sendq和recvq表示阻塞时等待队列。
方法
chan 有几个重要的方法,分别是初始化 make, 接受数据recv, 发送数据send 和关闭close,
初始化方法
func makechan(t *chantype, size int) *hchan {
elem := t.elem
// compiler checks this but be safe.
if elem.size >= 1<<16 {
throw("makechan: invalid channel element type")
}
if hchanSize%maxAlign != 0 || elem.align > maxAlign {
throw("makechan: bad alignment")
}
mem, overflow := math.MulUintptr(elem.size, uintptr(size))
if overflow || mem > maxAlloc-hchanSize || size < 0 {
panic(plainError("makechan: size out of range"))
}
// Hchan does not contain pointers interesting for GC when elements stored in buf do not contain pointers.
// buf points into the same allocation, elemtype is persistent.
// SudoG's are referenced from their owning thread so they can't be collected.
// TODO(dvyukov,rlh): Rethink when collector can move allocated objects.
var c *hchan
switch {
case mem == 0:
// Queue or element size is zero.
c = (*hchan)(mallocgc(hchanSize, nil, true))
// Race detector uses this location for synchronization.
c.buf = c.raceaddr()
case elem.ptrdata == 0:
// Elements do not contain pointers.
// Allocate hchan and buf in one call.
c = (*hchan)(mallocgc(hchanSize+mem, nil, true))
c.buf = add(unsafe.Pointer(c), hchanSize)
default:
// Elements contain pointers.
c = new(hchan)
c.buf = mallocgc(mem, elem, true)
}
c.elemsize = uint16(elem.size)
c.elemtype = elem
c.dataqsiz = uint(size)
lockInit(&c.lock, lockRankHchan)
if debugChan {
print("makechan: chan=", c, "; elemsize=", elem.size, "; dataqsiz=", size, "\n")
}
return c
}
初始化方法主要时根据类型和size 给hchan结构体分配空间和赋值
Send方法
Go 会把 send 语句转换成 chansend1 函数,chansend1 函数会调用 chansend
首先send 方法会检测chan是否为空,若为空,则阻塞
func chansend1(c *hchan, elem unsafe.Pointer) {
chansend(c, elem, true, getcallerpc())
}
func chansend(c *hchan, ep unsafe.Pointer, block bool, callerpc uintptr) bool {
if c == nil {
if !block {
return false
}
gopark(nil, nil, waitReasonChanSendNilChan, traceEvGoStop, 2)
throw("unreachable")
}
}
接下来检测chan是否已满或是否关闭,但是在调用chansend时,block被设置为true,所以不会触发chan已满返回false代码,chan关闭时,发送数据会panic,其中有加锁的逻辑
if !block && c.closed == 0 && full(c) {
return false
}
var t0 int64
if blockprofilerate > 0 {
t0 = cputicks()
}
lock(&c.lock)
if c.closed != 0 {
unlock(&c.lock)
panic(plainError("send on closed channel"))
}
若发现此时有接收者等待,则直接将数据交给接收者
if sg := c.recvq.dequeue(); sg != nil {
// Found a waiting receiver. We pass the value we want to send
// directly to the receiver, bypassing the channel buffer (if any).
send(c, sg, ep, func() { unlock(&c.lock) }, 3)
return true
}
buf未满,将数据加入buf
if c.qcount < c.dataqsiz {
// Space is available in the channel buffer. Enqueue the element to send.
qp := chanbuf(c, c.sendx)
if raceenabled {
racenotify(c, c.sendx, nil)
}
typedmemmove(c.elemtype, qp, ep)
c.sendx++
if c.sendx == c.dataqsiz {
c.sendx = 0
}
c.qcount++
unlock(&c.lock)
return true
}
若buf已满,则阻塞