Mysql实战题目,如何加索引2?

Mysql实战题目,如何加索引2?
这一篇,较上一篇文章区别在于构造的数据内容发生了变化

实战题目

select * from t2 where a=? and b>? order by c limit 0,100 如何加索引

测试环境

mysql> select version() ;
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.17    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)


快速搭建一个指定版本的Mysql https://blog.csdn.net/hl_java/article/details/90259538

表及数据准备

drop table if exists t2;
create table t2(
id int primary key auto_increment, 
a int ,
b int ,
c int 
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

drop procedure if exists add_data;
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE PROCEDURE add_data2(IN loop_times INT)
BEGIN
    DECLARE var INT DEFAULT 1;
    WHILE var <= loop_times DO
        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (NULL,var%10,var ,loop_times - var); 
        SET var = var + 1;
    END WHILE;
END 
;;
DELIMITER ;

SET @type = 100000;
CALL add_data2(@type);

不同场景测试

SQL1
select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
说明:根据插入的数据我们提前分析sql查询的结果集为5000,然后limt之后就只返回100条了

SQL2
select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
说明:根据插入的数据我们提前分析sql查询的结果集为9990,然后limt之后就只返回100条了

仅有主键索引的情况

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.03 sec)

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.03 sec)

附
explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-----------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows   | filtered | Extra                       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-----------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 100068 |     3.33 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-----------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows   | filtered | Extra                       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-----------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 100068 |     3.33 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

增加字段a索引的情况

alter table t2 add index idx_a (a);

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)


附
mysql> explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-----------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key   | key_len | ref   | rows  | filtered | Extra                       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-----------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_a         | idx_a | 5       | const | 10000 |    33.33 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-----------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key   | key_len | ref   | rows  | filtered | Extra                       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-----------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_a         | idx_a | 5       | const | 10000 |    33.33 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

增加字段a,b联合索引的情况

alter table t2 add index idx_ab (a,b);

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.02 sec)


附
explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key    | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | range | idx_ab        | idx_ab | 10      | NULL | 5000 |   100.00 | Using index condition; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------+---------+------+-------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key    | key_len | ref  | rows  | filtered | Extra                                 |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------+---------+------+-------+----------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | range | idx_ab        | idx_ab | 10      | NULL | 18222 |   100.00 | Using index condition; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------+---------+------+-------+----------+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

增加字段a,c联合索引的情况

alter table t2 drop index idx_ab;
alter table t2 add index idx_ac (a,c);

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.00 sec)

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.00 sec)

附
explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key    | key_len | ref   | rows  | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_ac        | idx_ac | 5       | const | 18242 |    33.33 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key    | key_len | ref   | rows  | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | ref  | idx_ac        | idx_ac | 5       | const | 18242 |    33.33 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+-------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

增加字段a,b,c联合索引的情况

alter table t2 drop index idx_ac;
alter table t2 add index idx_abc (a,b,c);

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)

附
explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | range | idx_abc       | idx_abc | 10      | NULL | 5000 |   100.00 | Using where; Using index; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+-------+----------+------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows  | filtered | Extra                                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+-------+----------+------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | range | idx_abc       | idx_abc | 10      | NULL | 18462 |   100.00 | Using where; Using index; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+-------+----------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

增加字段c,a,b联合索引的情况

alter table t2 drop index idx_abc;
alter table t2 add index idx_cab (c,a,b);

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)

select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)

附
explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>50000 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | index | idx_cab       | idx_cab | 15      | NULL |  100 |     3.33 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

explain select * from t2 where a=1 and b>100 order by c limit 0,100 ;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | NULL       | index | idx_cab       | idx_cab | 15      | NULL |  100 |     3.33 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

表数据内容调整后
与上一篇依旧没有大的变化,加索引后时间开销也还分布在0.01 ~ 0.02 sec之间

下面这篇文章会提到答案
Mysql的explain之Extra字段讲解

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