python的with用法

代替try...finally做一些清理工作什么的

语法

    with context_expression [as target(s)]:
        with-body

用于文件的情况

    with open(r'somefileName') as somefile:
        for line in somefile:
            print line
            # ...more code

等价于

    somefile = open(r'somefileName')
    try:
        for line in somefile:
            print line
            # ...more code
    finally:
        somefile.close()

如果自己写的一个玩意，比如数据库连接啥的发生异常要关闭，只要重写方法里面的__enter__() 方法和 __exit__() 方法

class _ConnectionCtx(object):
    def __enter__(self):
        global _db_ctx
        self.should_cleanup = False
        if not _db_ctx.is_init():
            _db_ctx.init()
            self.should_cleanup = True
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exctype, excvalue, traceback):
        global _db_ctx
        if self.should_cleanup:
            _db_ctx.cleanup()

def connection():
    return _ConnectionCtx()

使用

with connection():
    do_some_db_operation()

更好的做法，用一个迭代器包含掉上面的with

class _ConnectionCtx(object):
    def __enter__(self):
        global _db_ctx
        self.should_cleanup = False
        if not _db_ctx.is_init():
            _db_ctx.init()
            self.should_cleanup = True
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exctype, excvalue, traceback):
        global _db_ctx
        if self.should_cleanup:
            _db_ctx.cleanup()

def with_connection(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def _wrapper(*args, **kw):
        with _ConnectionCtx():
            return func(*args, **kw)
    return _wrapper

使用

@with_connection
def do_some_db_operation():
    pass