利用Python进行数据分析的学习笔记——chap3

学习《利用python进行数据分析》笔记

import numpy as np

data = {i:np.random.randn() for i in range(7)}

data

{0: 1.6300736561683242,
 1: 0.9853795329481175,
 2: -0.16510852115187846,
 3: 0.5301776865167741,
 4: 0.3563732455708549,
 5: -0.918866001709621,
 6: -0.43477482107712045}

np.random.randn()#无参数时，返回单个数据。

1.2029040869143057

np.random.randn(2,4)#返回值为指定维度的array,具有标准正态分布

array([[ 0.64449731,  1.46180684,  2.09259362,  2.21036766],
       [-0.24963167, -1.31347591, -0.67127677,  1.10713686]])

def add_numbers(a,b):
    """
    Add two numbers together
    
    Returns
    -------
    the_sum:type of arguments
    """
    return a+b

#可显示docstring
add_numbers?

#显示该函数的源代码
add_numbers??

#列出NumPy顶级命名空间中含有load的所有函数
np.*load*?

#通过%run命令运行.py脚本。之后这个脚本内定义的函数都可以在下面使用
%run chap2_ex1.py

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%paste
%cpaste
#Ipython 5.0以后都被取消了，直接复制粘贴即可

UsageError: Line magic function `%paste` not found.

a = np.array([[1,1],[1,1]])
b = np.array([[1,0],[0,1]])

np.dot(a,b)#矩阵乘法

array([[1, 1],
       [1, 1]])

a

array([[1, 1],
       [1, 1]])

b

array([[1, 0],
       [0, 1]])

a*b#对应元素相乘

array([[1, 0],
       [0, 1]])

#%timeit检测任意python语句的执行时间
%timeit np.dot(a,b)

1.33 µs ± 19.3 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

'a' in dir()#判断变量是否存在

True

#这条命令把变量移除了
%reset -f

'a' in dir()

False

%magic

#集成matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *

Using matplotlib backend: <object object at 0x0000022CF0C75EA0>
Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib

img = plt.imread('夏目.jpg')

imshow(img)

<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x21ef95a1ab0>

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#cumsum()累加，就是[1,2,3]输出[1,3,6]
plot(randn(1000).cumsum())

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x21ef9667d90>]

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#测试代码的执行时间(选出以foo开头的字符串)
strings = ['foo','foobar','baz','qux','python','Guido Van Rossum']*100000
method1 = [x for x in strings if x.startswith('foo')]
method2 = [x for x in strings if x[:3] == 'foo']
%timeit [x for x in strings if x.startswith('foo')]
%timeit [x for x in strings if x[:3] == 'foo']

63.8 ms ± 1.42 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
51.6 ms ± 488 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

from numpy.linalg import eigvals

def run_experiment(niter=100):
    K = 100
    results = []
    for _ in range(niter):
        mat = np.random.randn(K,K)
        #eigvals求解特征值
        max_eigenvalue = np.abs(eigvals(mat)).max()
        results.append(max_eigenvalue)
    return results
some_results = run_experiment()
print('Largest one we saw : %s' % np.max(some_results))

Largest one we saw : 11.804861499836456

def add_and_sum(x,y):
    added = x+y
    summed = added.sum(axis=1)
    return summed
def call_function():
    x = np.random.randn(1000,1000)
    y = np.random.randn(1000,1000)
    return add_and_sum(x,y)

#逐行分析函数性能(没装好line_profile)
%lprun -f add_and_sum -f call_function call_function()

UsageError: Line magic function `%lprun` not found.

~~```python

```python