GUI——SWing组件，学习笔记

GUI

2、Swing

2.1JFrame窗体

public class MyJFrame {
    //定义init()方法，进行初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame();
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,400,400);
        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        /*关闭的四种实现
        * EXIT_ON_CLOSE             正常关闭
        * DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE          直到最后一个窗口被关闭时才能关闭
        * HIDE_ON_CLOSE             点击关闭时，隐藏窗口
        * DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE      点击关闭时，不做任何反应
        * */
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("JFrame窗口");
        jf.add(jLabel);
        //设置水平对齐
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        //获得一个容器，容器来设置背景颜色
        Container contentPane = jf.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.yellow);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame().init();
    }
}

JFrame里有容器的一个概念，所有的东西都是放在一个又一个容器中的，所以没有办法直接对对象进行背景颜色设置，需要实现一个容器对象，再来对该容器进行背景颜色设置。

效果图：

2.2、JDiaLog弹窗

JDiaLog：默认就有关闭事件

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame{
    public DialogDemo() {
        this.setBounds(100,100,400,400);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        JButton jButton = new JButton("按钮");
        //容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);  //绝对布局
        container.add(jButton);
        //绝对布局需要设置按钮相对窗口坐标
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,100,50);
        //为按钮添加监听事件
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyJDialog();
            }
        });
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗窗口
class MyJDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyJDialog() {
        this.setBounds(150,150,200,200);
        this.setVisible(true);
        //弹窗默认有关闭事件，所以不需要再加关闭事件
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //弹窗容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //如果设置布局为null，则默认为绝对布局，需要再设置bounds坐标，才能使元素显示出来
        //container.setLayout(null);

        container.add(new JLabel("这是一个弹窗"));
    }
}

效果图：

2.3Icon标签

• 标签

new JLable();	//最常规标签写法

• 图标

  public class IconDemo02 extends JFrame implements Icon {
      private int width;
      private int height;
  
      public IconDemo02(){}
      public IconDemo02(int width,int height) {
          this.width = width;
          this.height = height;
      }
      public void init(){
          /*
          * 重写的画的那些方法，他们都是系统默认调用的
          * Graphics定义了给画笔是在虚拟界面上已经把东西画好了
          * 所以可以直接在标签里把他添加上去
          * */
          IconDemo02 iconDemo02 = new IconDemo02(10,10);
          //图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
          //标签标题，图标，标签的定位
          JLabel label = new JLabel("icontext",iconDemo02,SwingConstants.CENTER);
  
          Container container = iconDemo02.getContentPane();
          container.add(label);
  
          iconDemo02.setVisible(true);
          iconDemo02.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          iconDemo02.setBounds(200,200,400,400);
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          new IconDemo02().init();
      }
      @Override
      public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
         //画图标，参数x相对图标左上角的 X 坐标，y相对图标左上角的 Y 坐标
          g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
      }
      @Override
      public int getIconWidth() {
         //图标的宽
          return this.width;
      }
      @Override
      public int getIconHeight() {
          //图标的高
         return  this.width;
      }
  }
  

• 图片

//添加图片
public class ICONDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ICONDemo();
    }
    public ICONDemo() {

        JLabel label = new JLabel();
        //引入同级目录下的图片，获取图片地址
        URL url = ICONDemo.class.getResource("BG.jpg");
        //ImageIcon把图片的地址转为了对象，，方便label添加
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);   //将图片加到图标上
       
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);    //设置居中

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

2.4面板

JPanel

//JPanel面板
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }

    public  JPanelDemo() {
        Container container =this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,3,10,10));
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));

        InterJPanel(panel1);
        InterJPanel(panel2);
        InterJPanel(panel3);

        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,400,400);
    }
    //for循环添加按钮
    public void InterJPanel(JPanel jPanel){
      for (int i=1;i<=2;i++){
        jPanel.add(new JButton(String.valueOf(i)));
      }
    }
}

JScrollPane面板

可以添加下拉框

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域，设置每行字节数和总行数
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10,20);
        textArea.setText("这是JTextArea文本域");

        //JScroll面板,带有滚动条，将文本域添加到里面
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(300,300,400,400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

2.5按钮

//图片按钮
public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        //将图片变为图标
        URL url = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("BG.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        JButton jButton = new JButton("这是按钮",imageIcon);
        jButton.setToolTipText("按钮点击"); //设置按钮提示信息
        jButton.setBounds(10,10,100,50);     //绝对布局下定义按钮位置
        container.add(jButton);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(300,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo();
    }
}

• 单选按钮

  public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
      public JButtonDemo02() {
          Container container = getContentPane();
  
          //单选框
          JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("radioButton1");
          JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("radioButton2");
          JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("radioButton3");
  
          //把单选框放入同一个组中，每个组只能选择一个，达到单选效果
          ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
          buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
          buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
          buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);
  
          container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
          container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
          container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
  
          setVisible(true);
          setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          setBounds(100,100,400,400);
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          new JButtonDemo02();
      }
  }
  

如果不放在一个组里，则会：

都能选择

• 复选按钮

  public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame{
      public JButtonDemo03() {
          Container container = getContentPane();
  
          //多选框
          JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
          JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");
  
          container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
          container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
  
          setVisible(true);
          setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          setBounds(100,100,200,200);
      }
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          new JButtonDemo03();
      }
  }
  
  

2.6列表

• 下拉框JComoBox

public class ComboBoxDemo extends JFrame {
    public ComboBoxDemo()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();

        //下拉框
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
        //下拉框内的内容
        comboBox.addItem("已下架");
        comboBox.addItem("正在热播");
        comboBox.addItem("已上映");
        
        //将下拉框放在面板上，再把面板放在容器上
        jPanel.setBounds(20,20,50,50);
        jPanel.add(comboBox);
        comboBox.setBounds(10,10,20,5);

        container.add(jPanel);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ComboBoxDemo();
    }
}

• 列表框JList

  public class ComboBoxDemo02 extends  JFrame{
      public ComboBoxDemo02()  {
          Container container = this.getContentPane();
          JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
          //定义数组，来添加到列表中
          String[] strings ={"123","zhangsan","abc123"};
         //列表中放入需要内容
          JList jList = new JList(strings);
  
          container.add(jList);
  
          this.setVisible(true);
          this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
      }
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          new ComboBoxDemo02();
      }
  }
  

2.7文本框

包括文本框，密码框，文本域三种

public class TextTestDemo  extends JFrame{
    public TextTestDemo()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,1));
        //文本框
        JTextField textField = new JTextField("这是文本框");

        //密码框,密码框默认会隐藏输入字符，不需要再设置替代字符
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();

        container.add(textField);
        container.add(passwordField);
        container.add(textArea);
        
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextTestDemo();
    }
}