【sap2000】后屈曲弹塑性分析Post-Buckling Elastoplastic Analysis

后屈曲弹塑性分析
Post-Buckling Elastoplastic Analysis

resource：https://www.csiespana.com/artigo-tecnico/244/analise-elasto-plastica-de-pos-encurvadura

使用CSI软件可以对后屈曲的弹塑性行为进行建模,主要步骤如下:
The elastoplastic post-buckling behavior can be modeled using CSI software, following the general steps below:

1. 将模型离散为足够小的单元以捕捉几何非线性。通常每跨需要4到8个梁单元或壳单元。
   Discretize the model into elements small enough to capture the geometric nonlinearity. Typically, four to eight beam or shell elements per span are required.

2. 仔细定义要建模结构的边界条件。
   Carefully define the boundary conditions of the structure to be modeled.

3. 定义几何缺陷,这对于启动对应于所需屈曲模式的解很重要,特别是对于对称结构。
   Define geometric imperfections that may be important to initiate the solution corresponding to the desired buckling mode, especially for symmetric structures.

4. 建立一个Buckling load case,包括要研究的荷载。
   Establish a Buckling load case with the load to be studied.

5. 查看结果以识别相关的屈曲模式。
   Consult the results to identify the relevant buckling mode.

6. 使用"Analyze>Modify Undeformed Geometry"选项将该屈曲模式的``变形构型``转换为几何缺陷。
   Convert the deformed configuration of that buckling mode into a geometric imperfection, using the “Analyze>Modify Undeformed Geometry” option.

7. 定义一个P-Delta plus Large Displacements类型的非线性静力分析,施加要研究的荷载,并使用以下选项:
   Define a nonlinear static analysis of the P-Delta plus Large Displacements type, applying the load to be studied and with the following options:

• Load Application = Displacement Control - 此选项对于在失稳时暂时失去承载能力的结构很有用。这样,在分析过程中,施加的荷载将缩放,直到达到指定的位移目标。
  Load Application = Displacement Control - this option is useful for structures that momentarily ``lose their load-carrying capacity during the analysis when becoming unstable. In this way, the applied load will be scaled during the analysis until ``the specified displacement target is reached.

• Results Saved = Multiple States - 通过这种方式,我们强制将分析细分为多个步骤,以适当跟踪行为演变。
  Results Saved = Multiple States - in this way we force the subdivision of the analysis into ``several steps to adequately track the evolution of the behavior.

8. 查阅/定义所用材料的应力-应变曲线。
   Consult/define the stress-strain curves of the materials used.

9. 为对象分配非线性属性
   Assign nonlinear properties to objects

• 梁 - 定义并分配纤维铰。
  Beams - define and assign fiber hinges.

• 壳 - 使用Shell Layered类型的截面,当面外变形占主导时,横向至少有3个积分点。
  Shells - use Shell Layered type sections, with a minimum of 3 transverse integration points when out-of-plane deformation is dominant.

10. 非常仔细地检查线性和/或非线性支撑条件,考虑到在大位移分析中,在重新建立平衡方程时使用变形的构型。
    Very carefully review the linear and/or nonlinear support conditions, taking into account that in large displacement analyses the deformed configuration is used when re-establishing the equilibrium equations.

11. 进行分析。如果出现收敛问题,可能需要定义准静态分析(参见文章"非线性分析中的收敛问题")。
    Perform the analysis. In case convergence problems arise, it may be necessary to define a quasi-static analysis (see article “Convergence problems in nonlinear analyses”).

12. 随着荷载的逐步施加,仔细监测以下结果的演变:
    Carefully monitor the evolution of the following results with the progressive application of the load:

• 支座反力 - 由于在大位移分析中使用不适当的支座,经常会检测到意外的反力值。
  Reactions at the supports - very often unexpected reaction values are detected due to the use of inadequate supports for a large displacement analysis.

• 应力 - 检查单元中的应力是否超过屈服应力。应力的迁移可能导致未分配非线性属性的单元发生塑性变形。
  Stresses - check that the yield stresses are not exceeded in the elements. Stress migration can lead to plastification of elements to which nonlinear properties have not been assigned.

13. 查看荷载-变形图。
    Consult load-deformation graphs.

14. 检查结构,如有必要,返回步骤9。
    Review the structure and go back to step 9 if necessary.

展示使用SAP2000进行后屈曲建模并与实验结果进行比较的示例。
illustrates an example of post-buckling modeling with SAP2000 and comparison with experimental results.