【sap2000】子模型的使用:它们有什么用途?Utilization of Submodels: What Are They Used For?

https://www.csiespana.com/articulo-tecnico/339/utilizacion-de-submodelos-para-que-sirven

你有多少次感到需要保存多个"独立"的模型?

How many times have you felt the need to save multiple “separate” models?

• 使用多个独立模型是人为错误的第一个途径。通过SAP2000和ETABS程序,您可以在单个模型中选择多个刚度以考虑不同的分析。
  The use of multiple independent models is the first path to human error. With the SAP2000 and ETABS programs, you can, within a single model, choose multiple stiffnesses to consider in different analyses.
• 您可以非常简单地控制不确定性或规范的不同要求,并在相同的结构元素上同时获得不同``边界条件、刚度比等的结果。
  In a quite simple way, you will be able to control uncertainties or different code requirements and simultaneously obtain, in the same structural elements, results for different ``boundary conditions, stiffness ratios, among others.

你是否从未遇到过在模态分析中考虑什么样的刚度的问题?

Have you never encountered the problem of what stiffness to consider in a modal analysis?

• 你想只考虑抗拉支撑吗?
  Do you want to consider the braces only in tension?
• 或者修改核心筒的刚度以重新分配地震力?
  Or modify the stiffness of the cores to redistribute seismic forces?
• 或者还要修改地基考虑的刚度?
  Or still modify the stiffness to be considered for the foundations?

示例 - 使用子模型对地基进行建模

Example - Modeling of Foundations Using Submodels

在本例中,我们比较了以下情况下的设计结果:
In this example, the design results are compared in the following situations:

情况1:考虑刚性支撑的钢结构
Situation 1: Steel structure considering rigid supports

情况2:考虑与地基板相互作用的钢结构
Situation 2: Steel structure considering the interaction with the foundation slab

以下是两个独立模型的设计结果:
The following are the design results for two independent models:

考虑情况1的钢结构设计
Design of the steel structure considering situation 1

考虑情况2的钢结构设计
Design of the steel structure considering situation 2

在单个模型中考虑两种情况的钢结构设计包络图
Design envelope of the steel structure considering the 2 situations in a single model

子模型1:MAT_FOUNDATION(考虑与地基的相互作用)
Submodel 1: MAT_FOUNDATION (considering the interaction with the foundation)

子模型2:FIXED_SUPPORTS(考虑刚性支撑)
Submodel 2: FIXED_SUPPORTS (considering rigid supports)

示例 - 在反应谱分析中只考虑抗拉支撑

Example - Consideration of Braces Only in Tension in Response Spectrum Analysis

• 可以指定杆件能承受的最大拉力和/或压力。最常见的情况是考虑支撑只在拉力下工作,即指定压力限制为零。
  Maximum tensions and/or compressions to which a barcan be subjectedcan be specified. The most common case is to consider a brace working only in tension, that is, specifying a compression limit equal to zero.
• 当结构元素中存在这些非线性属性时,需要采用非线性静力分析来获得所需的行为。
  When these nonlinear properties are present in the structural elements, it is necessary to resort to ``nonlinear static analyses to obtain the desired behavior.
• 下图显示了使用Assign > Frame > Tension/Compression Limit选项将压缩限制定义为0。
  The image below shows the definition of the compression limit equal to 0 using the Assign > Frame > Tension/Compression Limit option.

• 然而,反应谱模态分析是一种线性方法,即不能考虑上述非线性属性。解决方案是创建子模型,在每个子模型中排除一半支撑的贡献。
  However, the modal response spectrum analysis is a linear method, that is, the aforementioned nonlinear property cannot be considered. The solution is to create submodels excluding the contribution of half of the braces in each one.
• 可以在每个子模型中手动选择要排除的支撑,或者使用非线性静力分析进行自动排除。
  You can manually select the braces to exclude in each submodel or choose an automatic exclusion using nonlinear static analyses.

对于正向水平作用(H+),不连续支撑处于压缩状态,被排除在相应的子模型之外
For positive horizontal actions (H+), the discontinuous braces are in compression, being excluded from the respective submodel

对于负向水平作用(H-),不连续支撑处于压缩状态,被排除在相应的子模型之外
For negative horizontal actions (H-), the discontinuous braces are in compression, being excluded from the respective submodel

通过这个过程,避免了使用不同的文件和额外的后处理来检查支撑系统中涉及的元素。
By using this process, the use of different files and additional post-processing to check the elements involved in the bracing systems is avoided.