Android NDK开发详解相机之 Camera2 概览

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Android NDK开发详解相机之 Camera2 概览

Camera2 概览

注意：本页介绍的是 Camera2 软件包。除非您的应用需要 Camera2 的特定低层级功能，否则我们建议您使用 CameraX。CameraX 和 Camera2 都支持 Android 5.0（API 级别 21）及更高版本。

Camera2 是低级别 Android 相机软件包，替代了已废弃的 Camera 类。Camera2 可为复杂的用例提供深入控制功能，但要求您管理特定于设备的配置。如需了解详情，请参阅 Camera2 参考文档。

The android.hardware.camera2 package provides an interface to individual camera devices connected to an Android device. It replaces the deprecated Camera class.

This package models a camera device as a pipeline, which takes in input requests for capturing a single frame, captures the single image per the request, and then outputs one capture result metadata packet, plus a set of output image buffers for the request. The requests are processed in-order, and multiple requests can be in flight at once. Since the camera device is a pipeline with multiple stages, having multiple requests in flight is required to maintain full framerate on most Android devices.

To enumerate, query, and open available camera devices, obtain a CameraManager instance.

Individual CameraDevices provide a set of static property information that describes the hardware device and the available settings and output parameters for the device. This information is provided through the CameraCharacteristics object, and is available through getCameraCharacteristics(String)

To capture or stream images from a camera device, the application must first create a camera capture session with a set of output Surfaces for use with the camera device, with createCaptureSession(SessionConfiguration). Each Surface has to be pre-configured with an appropriate size and format (if applicable) to match the sizes and formats available from the camera device. A target Surface can be obtained from a variety of classes, including SurfaceView, SurfaceTexture via Surface(SurfaceTexture), MediaCodec, MediaRecorder, Allocation, and ImageReader.

Generally, camera preview images are sent to SurfaceView or TextureView (via its SurfaceTexture). Capture of JPEG images or RAW buffers for DngCreator can be done with ImageReader with the JPEG and RAW_SENSOR formats. Application-driven processing of camera data in RenderScript, OpenGL ES, or directly in managed or native code is best done through Allocation with a YUV Type, SurfaceTexture, and ImageReader with a YUV_420_888 format, respectively.

The application then needs to construct a CaptureRequest, which defines all the capture parameters needed by a camera device to capture a single image. The request also lists which of the configured output Surfaces should be used as targets for this capture. The CameraDevice has a factory method for creating a request builder for a given use case, which is optimized for the Android device the application is running on.

Once the request has been set up, it can be handed to the active capture session either for a one-shot capture or for an endlessly repeating use. Both methods also have a variant that accepts a list of requests to use as a burst capture / repeating burst. Repeating requests have a lower priority than captures, so a request submitted through capture() while there’s a repeating request configured will be captured before any new instances of the currently repeating (burst) capture will begin capture.

After processing a request, the camera device will produce a TotalCaptureResult object, which contains information about the state of the camera device at time of capture, and the final settings used. These may vary somewhat from the request, if rounding or resolving contradictory parameters was necessary. The camera device will also send a frame of image data into each of the output Surfaces included in the request. These are produced asynchronously relative to the output CaptureResult, sometimes substantially later.

对于大多数开发者，我们建议使用 CameraX Jetpack 库。为了帮助您确定要使用的相机库，请参阅选择相机库。