Python 网络编程基础

首先是TCP socket：

Client：

1，import socket ，然后hostname, port；

2，socket构造：s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCKET_STREAM)，AF_INET是指IPV4，SOCKET_STREAM是TCP socket，若要UDP则参数为SOCKET_DGRAM；

3，获取主机地址(host = s.gethostbyname(hostname)后连接主机 s.connect((host, port))；

4，发送内容s.sendall(message)，接受内容response = s.recv()

5，关闭socket，s.close()

import socket
import sys

try:
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
except socket.error, msg:
    print "failed to create socket. Error code : " + str(msg[0]) + " , Error message : " + str(msg[1])
    sys.exit();
print 'socket created'

host = 'www.baidu.com'
port = 80
 
try:
     remote_ip = socket.gethostbyname( host )
except socket.gaierror:
     print 'Hostname could not be resolved. Exiting'
     sys.exit(status=None)
     
s.connect((remote_ip , port))
print 'Scoket Connected to ' + host + ' on ip ' + remote_ip + ' on port ' + str(port)

message = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n"

try:
    s.sendall(message)
except socket.error:
    print 'send failed'
    sys.exit()
print 'message send successfully'

<span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">def</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> recv_timeout(the_socket,timeout=</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">2</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">):</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#make socket non blocking
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    the_socket.setblocking(</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">0</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">     </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#total data partwise in an array
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    total_data=[];</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    data=</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(128, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">''</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">;</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">     </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#beginning time
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    begin=time.time()</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">while</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">1</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#if you got some data, then break after timeout
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">if</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> total_data </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">and</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> time.time()-begin > timeout:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">break</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">         </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#if you got no data at all, wait a little longer, twice the timeout
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">elif</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> time.time()-begin > timeout*</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">2</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">break</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">         </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#recv something
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">try</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            data = the_socket.recv(</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">8192</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">if</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> data:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                total_data.</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">append</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">(data)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#change the beginning time for measurement
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                begin=time.time()</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">else</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#sleep for sometime to indicate a gap
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                time.sleep(</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">0</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">.</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">1</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">except</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">pass</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">     </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#join all parts to make final string
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">return</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(128, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">''</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">.</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">join</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">(total_data)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#get reply and print
</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(128, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">print</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> recv_timeout(s)</span>
s.close()

Server:
1，构造socket2，绑定socket，s.bind((HOST, PORT))3，监听，s.listen()，参数是可以监听的连接数，超过之后就reject4，接受client_socket，conn , addr = s.accept()，返回一个连接和其地址（addr[0]是主机名，addr[1]是端口。

import socket
import sys
from thread import * 

HOST = ''
PORT = 8888

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print 'socket created'

try:
    s.bind((HOST, PORT))
except socket.error , msg:
    print 'bind failed. Error code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' error message: ' + str(msg[1])
    sys.exit()

print 'socket bind completed'

s.listen(10)
print 'socket now listening'
def clientthread(conn):
    conn.send('welcome to the server.Type something here please: \t\n')
    while True:
        data = conn.recv(1024)
        response = 'OK...' + data
        if not data:
            break
        conn.sendall(response)
while True:
    conn , addr = s.accept()
    print 'Connected with ' + addr[0] + ' : ' + str(addr[1])
    start_new_thread(clientthread, (conn, ))

s.close()

UDP Socket

Client:

import socket	#for sockets
import sys	#for exit

# create dgram udp socket
try:
	s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
except socket.error:
	print 'Failed to create socket'
	sys.exit()

host = 'localhost';
port = 8888;

while(1) :
	msg = raw_input('Enter message to send : ')
	
	try :
		#Set the whole string
		s.sendto(msg, (host, port))
		
		# receive data from client (data, addr)
		d = s.recvfrom(1024)
		reply = d[0]
		addr = d[1]
		
		print 'Server reply : ' + reply
	
	except socket.error, msg:
		print 'Error Code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' Message ' + msg[1]
		sys.exit()

Server:

import socket
import sys

HOST = ''	# Symbolic name meaning all available interfaces
PORT = 8888	# Arbitrary non-privileged port

# Datagram (udp) socket
try :
	s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
	print 'Socket created'
except socket.error, msg :
	print 'Failed to create socket. Error Code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' Message ' + msg[1]
	sys.exit()


# Bind socket to local host and port
try:
	s.bind((HOST, PORT))
except socket.error , msg:
	print 'Bind failed. Error Code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' Message ' + msg[1]
	sys.exit()
	
print 'Socket bind complete'

#now keep talking with the client
while 1:
	# receive data from client (data, addr)
	d = s.recvfrom(1024)
	data = d[0]
	addr = d[1]
	
	if not data: 
		break
	
	reply = 'OK...' + data
	
	s.sendto(reply , addr)
	print 'Message[' + addr[0] + ':' + str(addr[1]) + '] - ' + data.strip()
	
s.close()