计算机程序的构造和解释 练习题2.3

矩形的两种实现方式
第一种，把矩形当成一个点和长、宽两个长度构成，如下图

具体实现过程如下

#lang racket
(define (make-point x y)
  (cons x y))
(define (x-point p)
  (car p))
(define (y-point p)
  (cdr p))
(define (print-rect r)
  (newline)
  (display "(perimeter:")
  (display (rect-perimeter r))
  (display ",area:")
  (display (rect-area r))
  (display ")"))
(define (make-rect-size w h)
  (cons w h))
(define (rect-size-width r)
  (car r))
(define (rect-size-height r)
  (cdr r))
(define (make-rect point width height)
  (cons point(make-rect-size width height)))
(define (rect-width r)
  (rect-size-width (cdr r)))
(define (rect-height r)
  (rect-size-height (cdr r)))

(define (rect-perimeter r)
  (* 2 (+ (rect-width r) (rect-height r))))

(define (rect-area r)
  (* (rect-width r) (rect-height r)))
  
(print-rect (make-rect (make-point 3 3) 2 3))

运行结果

(perimeter:10,area:6)

第二种，我们可以把矩形看做一个线段和一个长度的组合，如下图：

为了方便展示，取了边长等于0.6/sin45°=0.848。
我们添加一个求线段长度的方法，同时借用之前练习中的求平方根的过程sqrt，计算公式如下
$$l=\sqrt{(x_1-x_2{)}^2+(y_1-y_2{)}^2}$$

#lang racket

(define (iterative-improve improve good-enough?)
    (define (try guess)
    (let ((next (improve guess)))
      (if (good-enough? guess next)
           next
          (try next))))
 try)
(define (average x y) (/ (+ x y) 2))
(define (square x) (* x x))
(define (sqrt x)
  (define (sqrt-improve guess)
    (average guess (/ x guess)))
  (define (good-enough? guess guess-next)
    (< (abs (- (square guess) x)) 0.000001))
  ((iterative-improve sqrt-improve good-enough?) 1.0))


(define (make-point x y)
  (cons x y))
(define (x-point p)
  (car p))
(define (y-point p)
  (cdr p))
(define (print-rect r)
  (newline)
  (display "(perimeter:")
  (display (rect-perimeter r))
  (display ",area:")
  (display (rect-area r))
  (display ")"))

(define (make-segment a b)
  (cons a b))
(define (start-segment s)
  (car s))
(define (end-segment s)
  (cdr s))

(define (segment-length s)
  (sqrt (+ (square (- (x-point (start-segment s)) (x-point (end-segment s))))
     (square (- (y-point (start-segment s)) (y-point (end-segment s)))))))
  

(define (make-rect segment width)
  (cons segment width))

(define (rect-width r)
  (cdr r))

(define (rect-height r)
  (segment-length (car r)))



(define (rect-perimeter r)
  (* 2 (+ (rect-width r) (rect-height r))))

(define (rect-area r)
  (* (rect-width r) (rect-height r)))
  

(print-rect (make-rect (make-segment (make-point 1 1) (make-point 1.4 1.4)) 0.848))
(print-rect (make-rect (make-segment (make-point 1 1) (make-point 1 2)) 2))

运行结果

(perimeter:2.8273708498984758,area:0.4797012403569537)
(perimeter:6.0,area:2.0)