NSString学习笔记

1.NSString 初始化
  初始化一个NSString类课直接进行赋值，例如 NSString *str = @"Hello World!,
可以使用已有的一个字符串初始化,列如 - (id)initWithString:(NSString *)aStrin;,

还可以使用格式化初始化方法,列如NSString *msg = [[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"%@,%d",name,age];,也可以使用C语言字符串来初始化一个字符串,列如 [NSString stringWithUTF8String:"c string!"];.下面代码展示了NSString的初始化过程.

//使用现有字符串初始化
str = [NSString alloc]initWithString:str];
NSLog(@"str = %@",str);
str = [NSString initWithString:str];
NSLog(@"str = %@",str);

//使用C语言字符串初始化
str = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:"c string"];
NSLog(@"str = %@",str);

//使用格式化字符串
NSString *name = @"tom";
int age = 30;
NSString *msg = [[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"%@,@d",name,age];
NSLog(@"msg = %@",msg);
NSString *msg = [NSSting initWithFormat:@"%@,%d",name,age];
NSLog(@"msg = %@",msg);

 2.求字符串长度,获取某个索引位置的字符.

//1.求字符串长度
NSString *str = @"Hello World!";
NSUInteger len = [str length];
NSLog(@"%lu",len);
//2.获取某个位置的字符
char c = [str characterAtIndex:0];

3.取子字符串.

//1.根据1个索引截取字符串
NSString *str = @"Hello World!";
NSString *subString = [str substringFromIndex:6]; //从某个索引开始
NSLog(@"%@",subString);
NSString *subString = [str substringToIndex:6]; //到某个索引
NSLog(@"%@",subString);
//2.根据两个索引范围截取字符串
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(2,3);
subString = [str substringWithRange:range];
NSLog(@"%@",subString);

4.NSData和字符串之间的转换.

NSString *str = @"Hello World!";
NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
str = [[NSString alloc]initWithData: data encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"%@",str);

5.字符串和数字类型的转换

NSString *str = @"123";
int i = [str intValue]; // 将字符串str转换成整形i
double d = [str doubleValue];
NSLog(@"%d,%lf",i,d);

6.字符串的大小写转换

NSString *str = @"Hello World!";
str = [str uppercaseString]; // 将字符串转换为大写
NSLog(@"%@",str);
str = [str capitalizedString]; // 将字符串转换首字母为大写
NSLog(@"%@",str);
str = [str lowercaseString]; // 将字符串转换为小写
NSLog(@"%@",str);

7.字符串的比较.

NSString *str1 = @"abcd";
NSString *str2 = @"abce";
NSComparisonResult result = [str1 compare:str2];
if (result == NSOrderedAscending) {
NSLog(@"str1 < str2");
}else if(result == NSOrderedDescending){
NSLog(@"str1 > str2");
}else {
NSLog(@"str1 == str2");
}

8.读写文件

NSString *filePath = @"/Users/hongdeng/Desktop/test.text";
NSString *content = @"file content";

[content writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
content = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
NSLog(@"str = %@",content);