Acknowledgements
I first fell in love with Hugo Cabret while taking Dr. Ramona Caponegro’s
Illustrated Texts graduate course, where I had the opportunity to read The Invention of
Hugo Cabret among many other books that have now become treasured favorites, an
experience for which I am profoundly grateful. Dr. Ian Wojcik-Andrews, my thesis
advisor, has offered his time and expertise over numerous coffee house conversations,
and I greatly appreciate his insight and interest in my work. I would also like to thank Dr.
Annette Wannamaker, from whom the majority of my formal education in Children’s
Literature began, and whose support and encouragement throughout has been invaluable.
A thank-you to Dr. Sheila Murphy and Dr. Daniel Herbert, who fostered an appreciation
for early cinema, film theory, and digital technologies, and without whom my dreams of
film school would not have been complete. Rachel Rickard, fellow graduate student and
colleague extraordinaire, whose shared experiences and commiseration have helped me
through the daunting task of teaching, studying, and writing, I am incredibly thankful. I
would like to thank my parents and grandparents, whose words of encouragement always
came when they were most needed. And lastly, John, who has heard countless renditions
of this thesis, travelled with me across the country to present my papers on Hugo Cabret,
and whose love and constant support has made this journey not only bearable but
enjoyable. Thank you, thank you, thank you.
iii
Abstract
Digital technologies have changed the way readers approach, experience, and respond to
texts. In our hyper-mediated culture, images and texts converge and disseminate across
multiple media platforms, changing once-passive readers and spectators into active
agents in the intellectual and creative process of interpretation. This thesis examines the
multimodal world of Hugo Cabret—the hybrid graphic novel, the film adaptation, and the
novel’s official website—in an effort to better understand how intertextuality,
convergence culture, and remediation play with media forms, represent an ideological
shift toward participatory culture, and rework older, traditional media in the creation of
new media and new media users. The Invention of Hugo Cabret and its surrounding
paratexts are but one example of how our construction of childhood is slowly changing to
acknowledge the skills and abilities fostered by our digital age as readers synthesize, seek
out, and interact with multiple forms of media.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements................................................................................................................ii
Abstract..................................................................................................................................iii
Table of Contents...................................................................................................................iv
Introduction: The Multimodal World of Hugo Cabret ..........................................................1
Chapter One: New Picture Books, Old Cinema:
The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick .....................................................16
Chapter Two: Adaptation as Remediation:
Martin Scorsese’s Hugo.............................................................................................37
Chapter Three: Click Here to Enter:
Intertextuality, Convergence, and Hugo Cabret’s Website .......................................55
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................75
Bibliography ..........................................................................................................................78
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