Windows Manual For Programmers
Chocolatey
The Package Manager for Windows
Official Site: https://chocolatey.org/install
# Administrator Powershell Run
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
# check install
choco
Proxy
Install
choco install clash-for-windows
Config
Buy air plane
Git
Download Link : https://git-scm.com/download
Install
Run Installer.
Config
# check version
git --version
# commit info
git config --global user.email "myemail@example.com"
git config --global user.name "My Name"
# custom git log info
# https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/896043488029600/898732837407424
git config --global alias.lg "log --color --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit"
Usage
Git command list (Chinese): https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/12/git-cheat-sheet.html
# repo
git init
git clone <remote link>
# show info
git status
git log
##### commit #####
git add .
git add *
git commit -am "commit message"
git pull
git push
##### branch #####
# list all local and remote branchs
git branch -a
# list remote branch links
git remote -v
# switch to <brach-name>
git checkout <brach-name>
# create and switch to <branch-name>
git checkout -b <branch-name>
# delete <branch-name>
git branch -d <branch-name>
# delete remote <branch-name>
git push origin --delete <branch-name>
##### tag #####
# list tags
git tag
# add <tag-name> for current commit
git tag <tag-name>
# push <tag> to <remote>
git push <remote> <tag>
# push all tags
git push <remote> --tags
Github CLI
-
Download Installer: https://cli.github.com/
-
Login
gh auth login
- Generate token at: https://github.com/settings/tokens
Markdown
Typora
Official Site: https://typora.io
- Purchase: $14.99, ￥89
- Preferences
- Add Themes
- Typora plugin: Typora plugins and feature enhancement tools.
Mark Text
Github:https://github.com/marktext/marktext
- Open Source And Free
Oh My Posh
Official Site: https://ohmyposh.dev/
Install
# may not work
winget install JanDeDobbeleer.OhMyPosh -s winget
# quickly
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; Invoke-Expression ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://ohmyposh.dev/install.ps1'))
Config
# Document: https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/installation/prompt
# create $PROFILE file if not exist
New-Item -Path $PROFILE -Type File -Force
# Solve PowerShell blocks running local scripts
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope LocalMachine
# edit $PROFILE
notepad $PROFILE
add config by using the ys theme
# in $PROFILE
oh-my-posh init pwsh --config "$env:POSH_THEMES_PATH/ys.omp.json" | Invoke-Expression
Font
Install Nerd Fonts (Support icons for some themes). Download fonts at: https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads, For Example JetBrainsMono Nerd Font.
Config terminal font. This can be easily done by modifying the Windows Terminal settings (default shortcut: CTRL + SHIFT + ,). In your settings.json file, add the font.face attribute under the defaults attribute in profiles:
{
"profiles": {
"defaults": {
"font": {
"face": "JetBrainsMono Nerd Font"
}
}
}
}
Useful tools
✨ PSReadLine: zsh-autosuggestion alternative for powershell
Github: https://github.com/PowerShell/PSReadLine
Install from PowerShellGallery
# get posh version
Get-Host
# install the latest PowerShellGet
Install-Module -Name PowerShellGet -Force
# After installing PowerShellGet, you can get the latest prerelease version of PSReadLine by running
Install-Module PSReadLine -AllowPrerelease -Force
Add Config: notepad $PROFILE
# PSReadLine
Import-Module PSReadLine
# Enable Prediction History
Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionSource History
# Advanced Autocompletion for arrow keys
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Key UpArrow -Function HistorySearchBackward
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Key DownArrow -Function HistorySearchForward
✨ zoxide: zoxide is a smarter cd command, inspired by z and autojump.
Github: https://github.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide
Install:
# not work for me
winget install ajeetdsouza.zoxide
# I use choco
choco install zoxide
Add Config: notepad $PROFILE
# zoxide
Invoke-Expression (& { (zoxide init powershell | Out-String) })
Windows Terminal Hotkeys
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Copy | Ctrl + Shift + C |
| Past | Ctrl + Shift + V |
VSCode
Official Site: https://code.visualstudio.com/
Install
- Option1: Download Installer from official site.
- Option2: Install with Chocolatey
# vscode
choco install vscode
# vscodium
choco install vscodium
Preferences
- Theme: One Dark Pro
- Icons: Material icon theme
- Font: JetBrainsMono Nerd Font
- Auto Save
- Change Hotkey: Format Document:
Shift+Alt+F ---> Alt+F
Codeium
✨ Codeium: A free AI powered toolkit for developers
Official Site: https://codeium.com/
- Register an account
- Download extension
- Login
VSCodium
VSCodium is a community-driven, freely-licensed binary distribution of Microsoft’s editor VS Code.
Microsoft’s vscode source code is open source (MIT-licensed), but the product available for download (Visual Studio Code) is licensed under this not-FLOSS license and contains telemetry/tracking. According to this comment from a Visual Studio Code maintainer.
VSCodium Site: https://vscodium.com/
Warning: VSCodium can not use
codecommand.
Hotkey
Hotkeys May Change due to extension or customizing.
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Comment/Uncomment | Ctrl + / |
| Multiline Comment | Alt + Shift + A |
| Copy Line | Ctrl + L |
| Move Line Up/Down | Alt + up/down |
| Copy line to Up/Down | Shift + Alt + up/down |
| Delete line | Ctrl + X |
| Add / Reduce Indent | Ctrl + ]/[ |
| New Line at Any Position | Ctrl + Enter |
| Rename Variable | Ctrl + D (N times) |
| Format Document | Shift + Alt + F (Alt + F) |
| Goto File Head/End | Ctrl + Home/Ctrl + End |
| Switch Tab | Ctrl + Tab |
| Show all symbols | Ctrl +Shift + O |
| Multi Cursor | Alt + Left Click |
| Multi Cursor | Ctrl + Alt + Up/Down |
| Block Select | Shift + Alt + Left Drag |
Python
Python Official Site: https://www.python.org/downloads/
Install
- Option1: Download from official site and run installer.
- Option2: Install with Chocolatey
choco install python
Config
# once
pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple some-package
# set as default
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
VSCode Extension
- Python
- Black formatter
- Pylance
conda
👉 conda (miniconda)
Official Site: https://docs.anaconda.com/free/miniconda/miniconda-install/
tuna: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/
👉 Config
tuna: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/
edit or create .condarc 。Windows can run conda config --set show_channel_urls yes to generate .condarc then change it:
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch-lts: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
deepmodeling: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/
👉 Usage:
# create a environment with specified python version and packages
conda create -n myenv python=3.9 numpy=1.23.5 astropy
# activate the environment:
conda activate myenv
# list envs
conda env list
# export all packages in myenv environment
conda activate myenv
conda env export > myenv.yml
# create a new environment from a myenv.yml
conda env create -f myenv.yml
👉 Windows Terminal:
Add miniconda prompt to windows terminal:
{
"altGrAliasing": true,
"antialiasingMode": "grayscale",
"closeOnExit": "automatic",
"colorScheme": "Campbell",
"commandline": "%windir%\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -NoExit -Command \"& 'C:\\Users\\zuiai\\miniconda3\\shell\\condabin\\conda-hook.ps1' ; conda activate 'C:\\Users\\zuiai\\miniconda3' \"",
"cursorShape": "bar",
"font": {
"size": 12
},
"guid": "{3ba1b1d8-9de1-41b7-bb7a-f7903c2e68d6}",
"hidden": false,
"historySize": 9001,
"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png",
"name": "MiniConda3",
"padding": "8, 8, 8, 8",
"snapOnInput": true,
"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%\\Desktop",
"useAcrylic": false
}
Docker
Official Site: https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/
Download Link: https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/
Docker Hub:https://hub.docker.com/
Setup WSL 2
Documents:
https://docs.docker.com/desktop/wsl/
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install
- Installed the WSL 2 feature on Windows. Search At Start:
Turn Windows features on and off, Check both:
Virtual Machine Platform
Windows Subsystem for Linux
- Update WSL
# install update
wsl --update
Download and install the latest package: WSL2 Linux kernel update package for x64 machines.
- Install Linux distros.
# list installed Linux distributions and check the version of WSL
wsl -l -v
# install update
wsl --update
# list available distros
wsl -l -o
# install a distro
wsl --install -d <distro name>
# set default distr
wsl --set-default <distro name>
# upgrade the Linux distro to v2
wsl.exe --set-version <distro name> 2
# set v2 as the default version for future installations
wsl.exe --set-default-version 2
- Set up your Linux user info
Once you have installed WSL, you will need to create a user account and password for your newly installed Linux distribution.
Just run your linux distro from start menu.
Install
Documents:
https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/
https://docs.docker.com/desktop/wsl/
Download and install the latest version of [Docker Desktop for Windows](https://desktop.docker.com/win/main/amd64/Docker Desktop Installer.exe).
Config
Change Mirrors: Settings—Docker Engine
{
"builder": {
"gc": {
"defaultKeepStorage": "20GB",
"enabled": true
}
},
"experimental": false,
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com/"
]
}
Possible Error
Installing, this may take a few minutes...
WslRegisterDistribution failed with error: 0x8004032d
Error: 0x8004032d (null)
Press any key to continue...
Solution: Enable Virtual Machine Platform Windows Feature.
Windows Hotkeys
Windows 11 New Features
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Open Snap Layout | Win + Z |
| Open Microsoft Copilot | Win + C |
Document Edit
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Cut | Ctrl + X |
| Copy | Ctrl + C |
| Paste | Ctrl + V |
| Clipboard History | Win + V |
| Undo | Ctrl + Z |
| Redo | Ctrl + Y |
| Bold | Ctrl + B |
| Italic | Ctrl + I |
| Underline | Ctrl + U |
| Move cursor to Head of line | Home |
| Move cursor to End of line | End |
| Move cursor to head of next word | Ctrl + → |
| Move cursor to head of previous word | Ctrl + ← |
Window and Desktop
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Switch between Apps | Alt + Tab |
| Quit App | Alt + F4 |
| Refresh App | Ctrl + R |
| Hide/Show Desktop | Win + D |
| Lock Desktop | Win + L |
| Switch Input Method | Win + Space |
| Open Function Menu | Win + X |
| Print Screen | PrtScn |
| Full Screen | F11 |
Virtual Desktop
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Open Task View | Win + Tab |
| Add Virtual Desktop | Win + Ctrl + D |
| Switch between Virtual Desktop | Win + Ctrl + arrow |
| Close current Virtual Desktop | Win + Ctrl + F4 |
File Browser
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Open File Browser | Win + E |
| Rename | F2 |
| Create New Folder | Ctrl + Shift + N |
| Delete to Recycle Bin | Del |
| Delete Forever | Shift + Del |
| Open Classic Context | Shift + RC |
Task Bar
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Open Start Menu | Win / Ctrl + ESC |
| Open / Hide nth App in Task Bar | Win + [N] |
| Run as Administrator | Ctrl + Shift + LC |
Browser
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Find | Ctrl + F |
| Edit Url | Alt + D |
| Open History | Ctrl + H |
| New Window | Ctrl + N |
| New Tab | Ctrl + T |
| Close Current Tab | Ctrl + W |
| Recycle Tab | Ctrl + Tab |
| Print Current page | Ctrl + P |
| Reload | Ctrl + R / F5 |
| View Source | F12 |
| Scale | Ctrl + Mouse Scroll |
Game
| Operation | Hotkey |
|---|---|
| Open Game Tools | Win + G |
| Game Shortcut | Win + Alt + PrtScn |
| Game Record | Win + Alt + R |
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