Python练习题（二）

.json文件转.csv文件

		import csv
		import json
		import codecs
		cvsfile = open('result.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='')
		writer = csv.writer(cvsfile)
		with codecs.open('result.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
		    r = f.readlines()
		    t = 1
		    for a,b in enumerate(r):
		        jsondata = json.loads(b)
		        if(t == 1):
		            keys = list(jsondata.keys())
		            writer.writerow(keys)
		            t = t - 1
		        value = list(jsondata.values())
		        writer.writerow(value)
		    cvsfile.close()
		f.close()

链接生成静图/动图二维码

		# 第一条指令
		pip install myqr

		# 第二条指令
		myqr 链接 -p 图片路径 -c

.csv文件 数据预处理

1. 去除空格、转为整型、列与列相除

代码：

		import numpy as np
		import pandas as pd

		# 打开.csv文件
		df = pd.read_csv(r'result.csv', encoding='gbk', dtype=str)

		# 去除空格
		df['house'] = df['house'].str.strip()  # house列
		df['locatea'] = df['locatea'].str.strip()  # locatea列
		df['locateb'] = df['locateb'].str.strip()  # locateb列
		df['locatec'] = df['locatec'].str.strip()  # locatec列
		df['typemin'] = df['typemin'].str.strip()  # typemin列
		df['areamin'] = df['areamin'].str.strip()  # areamin列
		df['priceavg'] = df['priceavg'].str.strip()  # priceavg列
		df['priceall'] = df['priceall'].str.strip()  # priceall列

		# 将priceall、areamin变为整型
		df['priceall'] = df['priceall'].astype(np.float)
		df['areamin'] = df['areamin'].astype(np.float)

		# 重新计算priceavg
		priceavg = round(df['priceall']/df['areamin']/1.0, 4)

		# 合并原始数据的某些列、计算出来的新列
		result = pd.concat([df['house'], df['locatea'], df['locateb'], df['locatec'], df['typemin'], df['areamin'], df['priceall'], priceavg], axis=1, ignore_index=True)
		result.columns = ['名称', '地理位置1', '地理位置2', '地理位置3', '最小房型', '最小面积', '总价(万元/套)', '均价(万元/㎡)']
		result.to_csv("result-1.csv", encoding="gbk")

2. 洗掉某几列数据全为空的行、列与列相加、groupby().mean()求平均值

代码：

		import numpy as np
		import pandas as pd

		# 打开csv文件
		df = pd.read_csv(r'BeijingPM.csv', encoding='gbk', usecols=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])

		# 清洗 去掉四列PM数据全部为空的行
		df.dropna(axis='index', how='all', subset=['PM_Dongsi', 'PM_Dongsihuan', 'PM_Nongzhanguan', 'PM_US Post'], inplace=True)

		# 新建索引
		df['sum'] = df[['PM_Dongsi', 'PM_Dongsihuan', 'PM_Nongzhanguan', 'PM_US Post']].sum(axis=1)
		df['count'] = df[['PM_Dongsi', 'PM_Dongsihuan', 'PM_Nongzhanguan', 'PM_US Post']].count(axis=1)
		df['avg'] = round(df['sum']/df['count'], 2)

		# 按照年做汇总，查看年的平均值
		df = df.groupby(["year","month"]).mean()

		df.to_csv('BeijingPM-avg.csv', encoding='gbk')
		df = pd.read_csv(r'BeijingPM-avg.csv', encoding='gbk', dtype=str)
		df = pd.concat([df['year'], df['month'], df['avg']], axis=1, ignore_index=True)
		df.columns = ['year', 'month', 'avg']
		df.to_csv('BeijingPM-avg.csv', encoding='gbk')

3. 线性插值处理(将超过2倍标准差数据修正)、后项填充

代码：

		import numpy as np
		import pandas as pd
		import scipy.interpolate
		import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

		# 打开csv文件
		df = pd.read_csv(r'BeijingPM.csv', encoding='gbk')

		# 对 HUMI PRES TEMP 三列进行线性插值处理，并将超过2倍标准差数据修正
		df['HUMI'] = df['HUMI'].interpolate()
		df['PRES'] = df['PRES'].interpolate()
		df['TEMP'] = df['TEMP'].interpolate()
		a = df['HUMI'].mean() - df['HUMI'].std()*2
		b = df['HUMI'].mean() + df['HUMI'].std()*2
		df['HUMI'][(df['HUMI'] < a)] = a
		df['HUMI'][(df['HUMI'] > b)] = b
		a = df['PRES'].mean() - df['PRES'].std()*2
		b = df['PRES'].mean() + df['PRES'].std()*2
		df['PRES'][(df['PRES'] < a)] = a
		df['PRES'][(df['PRES'] > b)] = b
		a = df['TEMP'].mean() - df['TEMP'].std()*2
		b = df['TEMP'].mean() + df['TEMP'].std()*2
		df['TEMP'][(df['TEMP'] < a)] = a
		df['TEMP'][(df['TEMP'] > b)] = b

		# PM 指数处理
		df['PM_Dongsi'][(df['PM_Dongsi'] > 500)] = 500
		df['PM_Dongsihuan'][(df['PM_Dongsihuan'] > 500)] = 500
		df['PM_Nongzhanguan'][(df['PM_Nongzhanguan'] > 500)] = 500

		# 对 cbwd 列中值为'cv'的单元格，后项填充
		df['cbwd'][(df['cbwd'] == 'cv')] = np.nan
		df['cbwd'] = df['cbwd'].bfill()

		df.to_csv('BeijingPM-1.csv', encoding='gbk')

4. （0-1）归一化、Z-Score归一化、散点图、离散化

代码1：

		import pandas as pd
		import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
		from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
		from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

		# 生成对象
		fig = plt.figure()
		mm = MinMaxScaler()
		st = StandardScaler()

		# 打开csv文件
		df = pd.read_csv(r'BeijingPM.csv', encoding='gbk')

		# 子图1：原始图像
		p1 = fig.add_subplot(131)
		x, y = df['DEWP'], df['TEMP']
		p1.scatter(x, y, s=10)
		p1.set_title('Original')

		# 子图2:（0-1）归一化
		p2 = fig.add_subplot(132)
		x = mm.fit_transform(df['DEWP'].values.reshape(-1, 1))
		y = mm.fit_transform(df['TEMP'].values.reshape(-1, 1))
		p2.scatter(x, y, s=10)
		p2.set_title('MinMaxScaler')

		# 子图3：Z-Score归一化
		p3 = fig.add_subplot(133)
		x = st.fit_transform(df['DEWP'].values.reshape(-1, 1))
		y = st.fit_transform(df['TEMP'].values.reshape(-1, 1))
		p3.scatter(x, y, s=10)
		p3.set_title('StandardScaler')

		# 显示图形
		plt.show()

输出1：

代码2：

		import pandas as pd

		# 打开csv文件
		df = pd.read_csv(r'BeijingPM.csv', encoding='gbk')

		# 清洗 去掉四列PM数据全部为空的行
		df.dropna(axis=0, how='all', subset=['PM_Dongsi', 'PM_Dongsihuan', 'PM_Nongzhanguan', 'PM_US Post'], inplace=True)

		# 新建索引
		df['sum'] = df[['PM_Dongsi', 'PM_Dongsihuan', 'PM_Nongzhanguan', 'PM_US Post']].sum(axis=1)
		df['count'] = df[['PM_Dongsi', 'PM_Dongsihuan', 'PM_Nongzhanguan', 'PM_US Post']].count(axis=1)
		df['avg'] = round(df['sum']/df['count'], 2)

		# 按照天做汇总，查看天的平均值
		df = df.groupby(["year", "month", "day"]).mean()

		# 划分区间
		sections = [0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 1200]

		# 设置区间标签
		names = ['green', 'yellow', 'orange', 'red', 'purple', 'brownish red']

		# 计算出每个级别(或各个颜色)对应的天数
		result = pd.cut(df['avg'], sections, labels=names)
		print(pd.value_counts(result))

输出2：

green 699
yellow 655
orange 401
red 196
purple 153
brownish red 51
Name: avg, dtype: int64
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