Rails UnitTest 测试机制浅析

一直以来，都想知道，Rails在进行UnitTest的时候，是怎么处理数据的。怎么保证单元测试结束后，可以清除上一个测试的数据的。今天，稍微有时间就借着一位老大的问题，浅浅的探究了一下，理解不对的地方大家指正。

首先，应该弄明白Ruby的测试怎么跑的，因为很显然

module ActiveSupport
  class TestCase < Test::Unit::TestCase

Rails的ActiveSupport调用了Ruby的测试。那么，找到Ruby当前目录的test/unit下看看怎么运行的。

  module Unit
    # If set to false Test::Unit will not automatically run at exit.
    def self.run=(flag)
      @run = flag
    end

    # Automatically run tests at exit?
    def self.run?
      @run ||= false
    end
  end
end

at_exit do
  unless $! || Test::Unit.run?
    exit Test::Unit::AutoRunner.run
  end
end

当然，rails一定调用ruby的这个流程。
简单讲，注册at_exit这个例程，这个kernel方法，在执行结束，执行Test::Unit::AutoRunner.run
在找到对应代码的，对应部分，会看到如下执行：

      RUNNERS = {
        :console => proc do |r|
          require 'test/unit/ui/console/testrunner'
          Test::Unit::UI::Console::TestRunner
        end,
        :gtk => proc do |r|
          require 'test/unit/ui/gtk/testrunner'
          Test::Unit::UI::GTK::TestRunner
        end,
        :gtk2 => proc do |r|
          require 'test/unit/ui/gtk2/testrunner'
          Test::Unit::UI::GTK2::TestRunner
        end,
        :fox => proc do |r|
          require 'test/unit/ui/fox/testrunner'
          Test::Unit::UI::Fox::TestRunner
        end,
        :tk => proc do |r|
          require 'test/unit/ui/tk/testrunner'
          Test::Unit::UI::Tk::TestRunner
        end,
      }

看了这个源代码，就对ruby处理单元测试，大体了解，这很好的说明，为什么Rails里的UnitTest根本不写执行，就写一堆def就行了。
那么想知道Rails对数据库怎么处理的那得继续看相应的看源代码了
于是，找到rubyonrails的api看到相应的类

Class
ActiveSupport::TestCase
In: 
vendor/rails/railties/lib/test_help.rb 
vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/test_case.rb

下面有

    * ActiveRecord::TestFixtures
    * Rails::BacktraceFilterForTestUnit
    * ActiveSupport::Testing::Default
    * ActiveSupport::Testing::SetupAndTeardown
    * ActiveSupport::Testing::Assertions
    * ActiveSupport::Testing::Deprecation

而ActiveRecord::TestFixtures是我们要找的，需要加载数据的那个
现在，看还挺理所当然的，当时，可是看了好多源码才确定这个文件的部分，才是导致数据加载的部分。
继续读有如下方法：

Methods

    * included
    * run_in_transaction?
    * setup_fixtures
    * teardown_fixtures

再看几个代码就清楚多了，一个加载环境，一个回滚。所以，理论上讲如果，你不想加载数据，也可以从这里修改。

     def self.included(base)
       base.class_eval do
         setup :setup_fixtures
         teardown :teardown_fixtures

         superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_path
         superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_table_names
         superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_class_names
         superclass_delegating_accessor :use_transactional_fixtures
         superclass_delegating_accessor :use_instantiated_fixtures   # true, false, or :no_instances
         superclass_delegating_accessor :pre_loaded_fixtures

         self.fixture_table_names = []
         self.use_transactional_fixtures = false
         self.use_instantiated_fixtures = true
         self.pre_loaded_fixtures = false

         self.fixture_class_names = {}
       end

       base.extend ClassMethods
     end

     def setup_fixtures
       return unless defined?(ActiveRecord) && !ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.blank?

       if pre_loaded_fixtures && !use_transactional_fixtures
         raise RuntimeError, 'pre_loaded_fixtures requires use_transactional_fixtures'
       end

      @fixture_cache = {}
       @@already_loaded_fixtures ||= {}

       # Load fixtures once and begin transaction.
       if run_in_transaction?
         if @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class]
           @loaded_fixtures = @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class]
        else
          load_fixtures
           @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class] = @loaded_fixtures
        end
         ActiveRecord::Base.connection.increment_open_transactions
         ActiveRecord::Base.connection.transaction_joinable = false
        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.begin_db_transaction
       # Load fixtures for every test.
       else
         Fixtures.reset_cache
         @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class] = nil
         load_fixtures
       end

      # Instantiate fixtures for every test if requested.
       instantiate_fixtures if use_instantiated_fixtures
     end

哈，这就是我一直想找的代码，而且，注释写的太直接了。每次测试加载一次Fixture


下面是回滚的部分：

     def teardown_fixtures
       return unless defined?(ActiveRecord) && !ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.blank?
       unless run_in_transaction?
         Fixtures.reset_cache
       end

       # Rollback changes if a transaction is active.
       if run_in_transaction? && ActiveRecord::Base.connection.open_transactions != 0
         ActiveRecord::Base.connection.rollback_db_transaction
         ActiveRecord::Base.connection.decrement_open_transactions
      end
       ActiveRecord::Base.clear_active_connections!
     end