【经典】数据库SQL笔试题目必考

 

SQL资料：和我们在课堂上所学的较大的不同在于：子查询的位置非常灵活，可以出现在from子句后（需要为此查询取别名），也可以出现在select的目标列中，请仔细读懂下列例子（有的地方取别名直接就空格后出现别名，有的地方是用as后面跟别名的方式）。
注：主要是学习基本语句或短语的用法

 

 

题目

Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表
Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表
SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表
Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表 

 

 

 

 

 

问题：

1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；

 

 

 

 

select a.S#
from (select s#,score from SC where C#=’001′) a,
(select s#,score from SC where C#=’002′) b
where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#; 

2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；

 

 

 

select S#,avg(score)
from sc
group by S# having avg(score) >60; 

 

3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩；

 

 

 

 

select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score)
from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S#
group by Student.S#,Sname 

 

4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数；

 

 

 

 

select count(distinct(Tname))
from Teacher
where Tname like ‘李%’; 

 

5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；

 

 

 

 

select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname=’叶平’); 

 

6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名；

 

 

 

 

select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=’001′and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#=’002′);

 

 

 

 

 

7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

 

select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# in
(select S#
from SC ,Course ,Teacher
where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname=’叶平’ 
group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname=’叶平’));

 

 

 

 

 

8、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名；
 

select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60); 

 

9、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

 

 

 

 

 

 

select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S#
group by Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course); 

 

 

10、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；

 

 

 

 

 

select S#,Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in （select C# from SC where S#='1001'）;

 

11、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录；

 

 

Delect SC
from course ,Teacher
where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平'; 

12、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分

 

SELECT L.C# 课程ID,L.score 最高分,R.score 最低分
FROM SC L ,SC R
WHERE L.C# = R.C#
and
L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)
FROM SC IL,Student IM
WHERE IL.C# = L.C# and IM.S#=IL.S#
GROUP BY IL.C#)
and
R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score)
FROM SC IR
WHERE IR.C# = R.C#
GROUP BY IR.C# ); 

13、查询学生平均成绩及其名次

 

SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩)
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY S# ) T1
WHERE 平均成绩 > T2.平均成绩) 名次, S# 学生学号,平均成绩
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩 FROM SC GROUP BY S# ) T2
ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;

14、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)

 

 

 

 

 

SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C#
ORDER BY score DESC)
ORDER BY t1.C#; 

 

 

15、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C#
ORDER BY score DESC )
ORDER BY t1.C#;

 

 

补充：
已经知道原表
year salary
——————
2000 1000
2001 2000
2002 3000
2003 4000

解：

 

 

 

select b.year,sum(a.salary)
from salary a,salary b
where a.year<=b.year
group by b.year
order by b.year;

在面试过程中多次碰到一道SQL查询的题目，查询A(ID,Name)表中第31至40条记录，ID作为主键可能是不是连续增长的列，完整的查询语句如下：
方法一：

 

select top 10 *
from A
where ID >(select max(ID) from (select top 30 ID from A order by ID ) T) order by ID

方法二：

 

select top 10 *
from A
where ID not In (select top 30 ID from A order by ID)
order by ID