5、hibernate之HQL

1. 什么是hql
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写

2. hql和sql区别/异同

HQL	SQL
类名/属性	表名/列名
区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写	不区分大小写
别名	别名
?，从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持)	?，从顺序1开始计算位置
:命名参数	不支持:命名参数
面向对象的查询语言	面向结构查询语言

3. 处理返回的结果集
HqlTest

package com.houyitao.five.test;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.houyitao.four.entity.Book;
import com.houyitao.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;


public class HqlTest {
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回对象（多个）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<String> list = query.list();
		for (String b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList3() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList4() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Map> list = query.list();
		for (Map b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList5() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
//		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
//		params.add(1);
//		params.add(2);
//		params.add(4);
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL分页
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
}

4. hql中使用占位符

/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
//		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
//		params.add(1);
//		params.add(2);
//		params.add(4);
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

5. 连接查询

/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}

6. 聚合函数
sum
avg
max
min
count

/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}

7. hql分页

/**
	 * HQL分页
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

工具类
StringUtils

package com.houyitao.five.util;

public class StringUtils {
	// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
	private StringUtils() {
	}

	/**
	 * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
		boolean b = false;
		if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
			b = true;
		}
		return b;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
		return !isBlank(s);
	}

}

PageBean

package com.houyitao.five.util;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * 分页工具类
 *
 */
public class PageBean {

	private int page = 1;// 页码

	private int rows = 3;// 页大小

	private int total = 0;// 总记录数

	private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
	// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
	private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
	// 获取上一次访问后台的url
	private String url;

	/**
	 * 初始化pagebean
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 */
	public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
		this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
		this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
		// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
		this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
		this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
		this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
	}

	public int getMaxPage() {
		return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
	}

	public int nextPage() {
		return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
	}

	public int previousPage() {
		return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
	}

	public PageBean() {
		super();
	}

	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}

	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}

	public void setPage(String page) {
		this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
	}

	public int getRows() {
		return rows;
	}

	public void setRows(int rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}

	public void setRows(String rows) {
		this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
	}

	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}

	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}

	public void setTotal(String total) {
		this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
	}

	public boolean isPagination() {
		return pagination;
	}

	public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
		this.pagination = pagination;
	}

	public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
		return parameterMap;
	}

	public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
		this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得起始记录的下标
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getStartIndex() {
		return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
				+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}

}

HQL通用分页查询
BaseDao

package com.houyitao.five.util;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

/**
 * hibernate的通用查询
 * 思想：借鉴于sql的BaseDao
 *  sql=select * from t_mvc_book where bname like '% %'
 *  countSql=select count(1)from(sql)t;
 *  pageSql=sql limit start,offset
 * 
 * hql:
 *    hql=select * from Book where bookname like : bookname
 *    hql=from Book where bookname like : bookname
 * 思想：将原生的hql语句以from关键字进行截取
 *    countHql=select count(*) from Book where bookname like : bookname;
 * pageHql不需要写：因为hibernate已经封装了内置的分页接口
 *      getFirstResult
 *      getMaxResult
 * @author hou
 *
 */
public class BaseDao {
/**
 * 给hibernate中的Query对象的命名参数列表赋值
 * @param query
 * @param map
 */
	public void setParam(Query query,Map<String, Object>map) {
		if(map!=null&&map.size()>0) {
			Set<Entry<String,Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
			for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
				Object value = entry.getValue();
				if(value instanceof Collection) {
				       query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Collection)value);
				}
				else if(value instanceof Object[]) {
					   query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Object[])value);
				}
				else {
				       query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * hql=select * from Book where bookname like : bookname
     * hql=from Book where bookname like : bookname
     * 思想：将原生的hql语句以from关键字进行截取
     *    countHql=select count(*) from Book where bookname like : bookname
	 * @param hql
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getCountHql(String hql) {
		return "select count(*)"+hql.substring(hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM"));
	}
	/**
	 * 通用hql语句查询
	 * @param session 当前会话
	 * @param hql 带命名参数的hql语句
	 * @param map 带命名参数对应的值的集合
	 * @param pageBean 分页实体类
	 * @return
	 */
	public List executeQuery(Session session,String hql,Map<String, Object> map,PageBean pageBean) {
		List list=null;
		Query query=null;
		if(pageBean!=null&&pageBean.isPagination()) {
			String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
			Query createQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
			this.setParam(createQuery, map);
			pageBean.setTotal(createQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
			query = session.createQuery(hql);
			this.setParam(query, map);
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
			list = query.list();
		}else {
			
		    query = session.createQuery(hql);
			this.setParam(query, map);
			list=query.list();
		}
		
		return list;
		
	}
	
}

BookDao继承BaseDao

package com.houyitao.four.dao;

 
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate; 
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

import com.houyitao.five.util.BaseDao;
import com.houyitao.five.util.PageBean;
import com.houyitao.five.util.StringUtils;
import com.houyitao.four.entity.Book;
import com.houyitao.four.entity.Category;
import com.houyitao.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;



public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
//	-----------------------------通用查询------------------------------
	 
	
	public List<Book> list1(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		下面代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询
		String bookName=book.getBookName();
//		sql语句where 后面可以直接写true 而hql不能出现true
		String hql="from Book where 1=1";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql+=" and bookName like : bookName";
		}
		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			query.setParameter("bookName", bookName);
		}
//		处理分页
		if(pageBean!=null&&pageBean.isPagination()) {
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
		}
		List list = query.list();
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	
		
	}
	

	public List<Book> list2(Book book,PageBean pageBean){
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		//下面代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询
		String bookName = book.getBookName();
		Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
		//sql语句where后面可以直接写true，而hql里不能出现true
		String hql="from Book where 1=1";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql +=" and bookName like :bookName";
			map.put("bookName", bookName);
		}
		List list =super.executeQuery(session, hql, map, pageBean);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
		
	}
	
}

测试
BookDaoTest

package com.houyitao.four.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.houyitao.five.util.PageBean;
import com.houyitao.four.entity.Book;
import com.houyitao.four.entity.Category;

 
public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();

	@Test
	public void testGetBook() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookId(8);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		System.out.println(b.getCategories());
	}
	
	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=fasle
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 数据添加正常
	 * 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("小刚的都市奶爸");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
//		直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的，因为此时的category是临时态的，hibernate是不会管理的
//		book.getCategories().add(category);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
	}

	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=true
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 只增加书籍表数据
	 * 桥接表不加数据
	 * 原因：双方都没有去维护关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("c");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testlist1() {
		
		Book book = new Book();
//		book.setBookName("%小刚的都市奶爸%");
		PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
		pageBean.setPage(1);
		pageBean.setRows(4);
		List<Book> list1 = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean);
		
		for (Book book2 : list1) {
			System.out.println(book2);
		}
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testlist2() {
		
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("%小刚的都市奶爸%");
		PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(1);
//		pageBean.setRows(4);
		List<Book> list1 = this.bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
		
		for (Book book2 : list1) {
			System.out.println(book2);
		}
		
	}
}