Apache服务的基础

##########apache的安装####

yum install httpd -y  ##安装服务
systemctl start httpd      ##开启服务
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl enable httpd      ##开机服务自启动
systemctl disabled firewalld   ##开机关闭

需要下载

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2
tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 -C    /var/www/html##解档文件
mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2/ mysqladmin       ##重命名，使操作方便
cd mysqladmin                                        ##进入该目录
cp -p config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php   ##复制文件模板
vim config.inc.php                                          ##编辑配置文件
17 $cfg['blowfish_secret']='mysql';/* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */

systemctl restart httpd 

##########apache的基本信息####

1.apache的默认发布文件

index.html

2.apache的配置文件

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf

3.apache的默认发布目录

/var/www/html

4.apache的默认端口

80

##########apache的基本配置####

1.修改默认发布文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

164    DirectoryIndex westos.html        ##修改默认发布文件为westos.html

2.修改默认发布目录

##当selinux是disable状态

 mkdir /westos/www/test -p   ##建立出当前目录

vim /westos/www/test/westos.html  ##测试文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

120 DocumentRoot "/westos/www/test"        ##修改默认发布目录为/westos/www/test
<Directory "/westos/www/test">    
    Require all granted            ##允许所有用户访问
</Directory>

systemctl restart httpd

##当selinux是enforcing状态

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
120 DocumentRoot "/westos/www/test"        ##修改默认发布目录为/westos/www/test
<Directory "/westos/www/test">    
    Require all granted
</Directory>
systemctl restart httpd
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/westos(/.*)?'    ##更改该目录的安全上下文

restorecon -RvvF /westos                ##更新安全上下文

3.apache的访问控制

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">    ##允许所有人访问admin目录但是拒绝250主机
    Order Allow，Deny
    Allow from All
    Deny from 172.25.254.250
</Directory>
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">    ##只允许250主机访问admin目录
    Order Deny,Allow
    Allow from 172.25.254.250
    Deny from All
</Directory>

#######设定用户的访问#######

htpasswd -m /etc/httpd/accessuser admin
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
    AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/accessuser    ##用户认证文件
    AuthName "Please input your name and password!"    ##用户认证提示
    AuthType basic        ##认证类型
    Require valid-user    ##认证用户，认证文件中所有用户均可通过
    [Require user admin]    ##只允许认证文件中admin用户访问，二写一

</Directory>

测试结果：

###apache语言支持######

1.html语言        ##默认支持的语言

2.php语言

[root@test ~]# yum install php -y
[root@test ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

[root@test ~]# systemctl restart httpd

3.cgi语言

[root@test ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/cgi
[root@test ~]# cd /var/www/html/cgi
[root@test cgi]# vim index.cgi        ##编辑测试文件
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
print `date`;
[root@test cgi]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  ##编辑主配置文件
<Directory "/var/www/html/cgi">
        Options +ExecCGI
        AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
</Directory>
[root@test cgi]# chmod +x index.cgi     ##添加可执行权限
[root@test html]# setenforce 0        ##安全上下文

[root@test cgi]# systemctl restart httpd

####apache的虚拟主机###

配置文件，及执行步骤：

[root@test html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/default.conf
<Virtualhost _default_:80>        ##虚拟主机开启的端口
        DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"    ##虚拟主机默认发布目录
        CustomLog "logs/default.log" combined    ##虚拟主机日志
</Virtualhost>
~                 
[root@test html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/news.conf    ##指定域名news.westos.com访问到默认发布目录中
<Virtualhost *:80>
        ServerName "news.westos.com"
        DocumentRoot "/var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html"
        CustomLog "logs/news.log" combined
</Virtualhost>
<Directory "/var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html">    ##默认发布目录的访问授权
        Require all granted
</Directory>
~
[root@test html]# mkdir /var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html -p    ##建立测试页
[root@test html]# vim /var/www/virtual/news.westos.com/html/index.html ##显示的测试内容
<h1> news'page </h1>
~
[root@test html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@test html]#

测试：

在浏览器所在主机中

vim /etc/hosts

172.25.254.106 www.westos.com news.westos.com

#####https服务以及自制证书###

[root@test html]# yum install mod_ssl -y    ##https的服务
[root@test html]# yum install crypto-utils -y    ##证书配置服务
[root@test html]# genkey www.westos.com        ##自定义编辑证书
/usr/bin/keyutil -c makecert -g 1024 -s "CN=www.westos.com, OU=hello, O=westos, L=xi'an, ST=shannxi, C=CN" -v 1 -a -z /etc/pki/tls/.rand.3528 -o /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt -k /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
cmdstr: makecert

cmd_CreateNewCert
command:  makecert
keysize = 1024 bits
subject = CN=www.westos.com, OU=hello, O=westos, L=xi'an, ST=shannxi, C=CN
valid for 1 months
random seed from /etc/pki/tls/.rand.3528
output will be written to /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt
output key written to /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key


Generating key. This may take a few moments...

Made a key
Opened tmprequest for writing
/usr/bin/keyutil Copying the cert pointer
Created a certificate
Wrote 882 bytes of encoded data to /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
Wrote the key to:

/etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key

[root@test html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/login.conf

[1]+  Stopped                 vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/login.conf
[root@test html]# fg
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/login.conf

[1]+  Stopped                 vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/login.conf
[root@test html]# fg
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/login.conf       ##编辑配置文件
<Virtualhost *:443>             ##https服务默认端口号443
        ServerName "login.westos.com"
        DocumentRoot "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html"
        CustomLog "logs/login.log" combined
        SSLEngine on        ##https服务引擎打开
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt    ##证书
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key    ##密钥
</Virtualhost>
<Directory "/var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html">
        Require all granted
</Directory>
<Virtualhost *:80>        ##网页重写实现自动访问https
        ServerName "login.westos.com"
        RewriteEngine on
        RewriteRule ^(/.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [redirect=301]
</Virtualhost>
~                

##^(/.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [redirect=301]

#^(/.*)$    客户主机在地址栏中写入的所有字符，不包含换行符

#https://    定向成为的访问协议

#%{HTTP_HOST}    客户请求主机

#$1        $1的值就表示^(/.*)$的值

#[redirect=301]    临时重定向，320永久重定向

[root@test html]# mkdir /var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html -p
[root@test html]# vim /var/www/virtual/login.westos.com/html/index.html
<h1>login.page</h1>

[root@test html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@test html]#

测试：

在浏览器所在主机中

vim /etc/hosts

172.25.254.106 login.westos.com