声明式服务调用（spring cloud Feign）之快速入门

介绍：

我们用ribbon时通常是用restTemplate来调用接口，restTemplate是封装了http的请求处理，形成了模板化的请求接口模式，Feign是进一步的封装，进而更简单的调用接口。Feign是一个声明式的REST客户端，Feign提供了http的请求模板，原生的Feign是不支持SpringMvc的注解的，但是springCloud对Feign又进一步封装，让其支持了MVC的注解。

快速入门：

新建一个名字为FeignConsumer的springboot项目。

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.feign</groupId>
   <artifactId>feign-consumer</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <name>feign-consumer</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>

   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
      </dependency>
<!-- 支持feign -->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>


</project>

 启动类：

package com.feign;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients  //支持feign的注解
public class FeignConsumerApplication {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(FeignConsumerApplication.class, args);
   }
}

 

 helloservice：这是写一个接口用于去请求其他服务接口的

package com.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * Created by qhe on 2018/7/30.
 */

@FeignClient(value = "hello-service",configuration = FeignConfiguration.class) //value是服务名称，configuration日志配置，后面会说
public interface HelloService {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    String hello();
//简单的接口调用
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello_name",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String index(@RequestParam("name") String name);
//请求头里带参数
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello_age",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String index(@RequestHeader("name") String name, @RequestHeader("age") Integer age);
//带对象的post请求
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello_user",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    String index(@RequestBody User user);
}

 HelloController：

package com.feign;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * Created by qhe on 2018/7/30.
 */
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
//这里用注解注入上面的helloservice的feign接口，
//就像注入自己的service一样，调用feign接口的方法，feign会去请求其他服务的对应接口
    @Autowired
    private HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String helloConsumer(){
        return helloService.hello();
    }


    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello_name",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index(){
        return helloService.index("feignName");
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello_age",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index2(){
        return helloService.index("Name",11);
    }


    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello_user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String index3(){
        User user = new User("haha",12);
        return helloService.index(user);
    }
}

 启动服务，请求controller里的接口，这里请求/hello接口，就会去调用之前的hello-service服务里的hello接口，返回hello.

 日志配置：

调用feign接口，总会有出错的时候，这个时候我们需要查看接口的一些信息，所以需要为feign配置日志功能。

写一个配置类，用于启动feign的日志：

package com.feign;

import feign.Logger;  //feign的日志
import feign.Request;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * Created by qhe on 2018/8/21.
 */

@Configuration
public class FeignConfiguration {
    /**
     * 日志配置
     * 这里的Logger的包要引用Feign的Logger
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel(){
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }
}

然后再helloservice接口里配置一下，@FeignClient(value = "hello-service",configuration = FeignConfiguration.class) ，

最后在配置文件里配置一下指定级别（这里要指定哪个接口和级别debug还是info）：

不知道可不可以不用指定具体哪个接口，直接全局？？？知道的麻烦说一下哈。

logging.level.com.feign.HelloService=debug

还可以配置其他的一些配置：

package com.feign;

import feign.Logger;
import feign.Request;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * Created by qhe on 2018/8/21.
 */

@Configuration
public class FeignConfiguration {
    /**
     * 日志配置
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel(){
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }

    /**
     * 超时配置
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Request.Options options(){
        return new Request.Options(5000,10000);
    }

    /**
     * basic认证配置，用于拦截权限认证
     * @return
     */
//    @Bean
//    public BasicAuthorizationInterceptor basicAuthorizationInterceptor(){
//        return new BasicAuthorizationInterceptor("user","password");
//    }
} 

Ribbon 配置：

Feign客户端的负载均衡也是通过Ribbon来实现的，如果需要修改一些配置参数，只要在配置文件里配置一下就行，

全局配置，比如

ribbon.ConnectTimeout=500 //连接超时

ribbon.ReadTimeout=5000//请求超时

指定服务配置(前面只要加上服务名就行)

Hello-service.ribbon.ConnectTimeout=500

Hello-service.ribbon.ReadTimeout=5000

Hello-service.ribbon.OkToRetryOnAllOperations=true

Hello-service.ribbon.MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=2 //重试次数

Hello-service.ribbon.MaxAutoReries=1

重试机制，Feign默认实现重试机制，当失败后会再次请求，也是只要在配置修改我们自定义的，上面就是重试的一些配置。

 Hystrix（容错）配置

feign.hystrix.enabled=true//开启Hystrix功能，false就是关闭

hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMillisecinds=5000//全局超时时间

关闭某个服务的容错保护只要在配置类里加一个

@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public Feign.Builder feignBuilder(){
    return Feign.builder();
}

然后再Feign接口，helloservice里加上这个配置类就行

学习资料《SpringCloud微服务实战》《SpringCloud微服务全栈技术与案例解析》