Ruby的include和extend

在ruby中基本上有三种引入module的方式  一、在类定义中引入module后，module中的方法成为类的实例方法。  在类定义中用include引入module。  例如：  Ruby代码  module Base  def test  p "This is a instance method!"  end  end  class Car  include Base  end  Car.new.test => "This is a instance method!"  module Base def test p "This is a instance method!" end end class Car include Base end Car.new.test => "This is a instance method!" 二、在类定义中引入module后，module中的方法成为类的类方法。  在类定义中用extend引入module。  例如：  Ruby代码   module Base  def test  p "This is a instance method!"  end  end  class Car  extend Base  end  Car.test => "This is a class method!"  module Base def test p "This is a instance method!"  end end class Car extend Base end Car.test => "This is a class method!" 三、在类定义中引入module后，module中的方法即有成为类的实例方法，又有成为类的类方法。  这需要在类定义中引入module时，用include。  例如：  Ruby代码   module Base  def test  p "This is a instance method!"  end  def self.included(base)  def base.call  p "This is a class method---call"  end  base.extend(ClassMethods)  end  module ClassMethods  def hello  p "This is a class method----hello"  end  end  end  class Car  include Base  end  Car.new.test => "This is a instance method!"  Car.call => "This is a class method---call"  Car.hello => "This is a class method---hello"  module Base def test p "This is a instance method!" end def self.included(base) def base.call p "This is a class method---call" end base.extend(ClassMethods) end module ClassMethods def hello p "This is a class method----hello" end end end class Car include Base end Car.new.test => "This is a instance method!" Car.call => "This is a class method---call" Car.hello => "This is a class method---hello" 参考资料：  1、http://developer.51cto.com/art/200907/132919.htm  2、http://juixe.com/techknow/index.php/2006/06/15/mixins-in-ruby/