Android消息处理Handler与Message

1、消息Handle

Activity中UI组件中的信息传递Handler，相信很多朋友都知道，Android为了线程安全，并不允许我们在UI线程外操作UI；很多时候我们做界面刷新都需要通过Handler来通知UI组件更新！除了用Handler完成界面更新外，还可以使用runOnUiThread()来更新，甚至更高级的事务总线。

一、handler的使用场景为么会有handler？（部分内容图片摘自http://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/android-tutorial-handler-message.html）

　　

　　二、handler的消息处理机制

　　在Android中提供了一种异步回调机制Handler,使用它，我们可以在完成一个很长时间的任务后做出相应的通知。

• UI线程:就是我们的主线程,系统在创建UI线程的时候会初始化一个Looper对象,同时也会创建一个与其关联的MessageQueue;
• Handler:作用就是发送与处理信息,如果希望Handler正常工作,在当前线程中要有一个Looper对象
• Message:Handler接收与处理的消息对象
• MessageQueue:消息队列,先进先出管理Message,在初始化Looper对象时会创建一个与之关联的MessageQueue;
• Looper:每个线程只能够有一个Looper,管理MessageQueue,不断地从中取出Message分发给对应的Handler处理！

　　通俗一点讲：当我们的子线程想修改Activity中的UI组件时,我们可以新建一个Handler对象,通过这个对象向主线程发送信息;而我们发送的信息会先到主线程的MessageQueue进行等待,由Looper按先入先出顺序取出,再根据message对象的what属性分发给对应的Handler进行处理！

2、服务端：

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import static com.xxx.zqLog.ZqLog.logger;

public class PileService extends Service {

    // 6秒开始更新
    private static final int UPDATE_TIMER = 1000 * 6;

    private static final String TAG_MODULE_PILE = "xxx服务模块：";

    private static final int RECEIVE_MESSAGE_CODE = 0x0001;

    private static final int SEND_MESSAGE_CODE = 0x0002;

    private Messenger clientMessenger = null;

    private Messenger serviceMessenger = new Messenger(new ServiceHandler());

    private class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "消息服务：消息队列");
            if(msg.what == RECEIVE_MESSAGE_CODE){
                Bundle data = msg.getData();
                if(data != null){
                    String str = data.getString("msg");
                    logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "消息服务：收到客户端如下信息: " + str);
                }

                clientMessenger = msg.replyTo;
                if(clientMessenger != null){
                    SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");
                    logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "接收消息时间：" + formatter.format(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis())));
                    //模拟耗时
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(UPDATE_TIMER);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + UPDATE_TIMER + "秒后" + "服务向客户端回信");
                    logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "发送消息时间：" + formatter.format(new Date(System
                            .currentTimeMillis())));

                    Message msgToClient = Message.obtain();
                    msgToClient.what = SEND_MESSAGE_CODE;
                    //可以通过Bundle发送跨进程的信息
                    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                    bundle.putString("xxxInformations", getJsonFromInfo());
                    msgToClient.setData(bundle);
                    try{
                        clientMessenger.send(msgToClient);
                    }catch (RemoteException e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "服务端向客户端发送信息失败: " + e.getMessage());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "消息服务创建");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "消息服务创建连接");
        return serviceMessenger.getBinder();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        logger.debug(TAG_MODULE_PILE + "消息服务创建销毁");
        clientMessenger = null;
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    private String getJsonFromxxxInfo() {
        String json;
        json = "{\"cc\":\"20\",\"mm\":\"ll\",\"id\":\"20173333\"," +
                "\"ss\":\"message\"}";
        return json;
    }
}

AndroidManifest.xml文件：

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:supportsRtl="true">
    <service
        android:name="com.xxx.pileservice.PileService"
        android:enabled="true"
        android:exported="true">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="com.xxx.pileservice.PileService"/>
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
        </intent-filter>
    </service>
</application>

3、客户端：

/**
 * 消息处理
 */
private static final int SEND_MESSAGE_CODE = 0x0001;

private static final int RECEIVE_MESSAGE_CODE = 0x0002;

private boolean isBound = false;

private final String SERVICE_ACTION = "com.xxx.modulepileservice.PileService";

private Messenger serviceMessenger = null;

private Messenger clientMessenger = new Messenger(new ClientHandler());

//客户端用ClientHandler接收并处理来自于Service的消息
private class ClientHandler extends Handler {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + "客户端消息队列：");
        if (msg.what == RECEIVE_MESSAGE_CODE) {
            Bundle data = msg.getData();
            if (data != null) {
                String str = data.getString("Informations");
                logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + "客户端收到Service的消息: " + str);
            }
        }
    }
}

private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
        logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + "客户端已连接！");
        serviceMessenger = new Messenger(binder);
        isBound = true;

        Message msg = Message.obtain();
        msg.what = SEND_MESSAGE_CODE;

        Bundle data = new Bundle();
        data.putString("msg", "你好，服务端，我是客户端");
        msg.setData(data);

        msg.replyTo = clientMessenger;
        try {
            logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + "客户端向service发送信息");
            serviceMessenger.send(msg);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + "客户端向service发送消息失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        serviceMessenger = null;
        isBound = false;
        logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + "客户端断开连接");
    }
};

private void bindMessageService(Context context) {
    Intent intent = new Intent();
    intent.setAction(SERVICE_ACTION);
    intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);

    PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
    ResolveInfo info = pm.resolveService(intent, 0);

    if (info != null) {
        String packageName = info.serviceInfo.packageName;
        String serviceNmae = info.serviceInfo.name;
        ComponentName componentName = new ComponentName(packageName, serviceNmae);
        intent.setComponent(componentName);
        try {
            logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + "客户端调用bindService方法");
            context.bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.debug(TAG_PROVIDER + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

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