ubuntu安装和使用appium遇到的问题解决方案

近期发现一款appium小工具，看着功能不错，就在自己的ubuntu机器搭建了一个appium的环境，其中遇到好几个问题，这里将遇到的问题及解决方案分享出来。

安装后无法使用

问题

Appium will not work if used or installed with sudo
error: Appium will not work if used or installed with sudo. Please rerun/install as a non-root user. If you had to install Appium using `sudo npm install -g appium`, the solution is to reinstall Node using a method (Homebrew, for example) that doesn't require sudo to install global npm packages.

[1]+  Exit 1                  appium

该问题显示appium不能使用root用户来安装，不然无法运行，所以需要卸载用root用户安装的appium，该用一般用户来安装。

解决方案

• 改变node的所有者

cd /usr/local/lib
sudo chown -R bixiaopeng node_modules

• 问题1: 卸载appium

npm uninstall appium -g

• 重新安装appium

npm install -g appium

• 启动

appium &

问题2: 一般用户安装问题

问题

非root用户在执行npm install -g appium安装时可能会遇到以下问题

> ws@0.4.31 install /lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/ws
> (node-gyp rebuild 2> builderror.log) || (exit 0)

  CXX(target) Release/obj.target/bufferutil/src/bufferutil.o
  SOLINK_MODULE(target) Release/bufferutil.node
  SOLINK_MODULE(target) Release/bufferutil.node: Finished
  CXX(target) Release/obj.target/validation/src/validation.o
  SOLINK_MODULE(target) Release/validation.node
  SOLINK_MODULE(target) Release/validation.node: Finished
npm WARN engine hawk@0.10.2: wanted: {"node":"0.8.x"} (current: {"node":"v0.10.28","npm":"1.4.15"})
npm WARN engine cryptiles@0.1.3: wanted: {"node":"0.8.x"} (current: {"node":"v0.10.28","npm":"1.4.15"})
npm WARN engine sntp@0.1.4: wanted: {"node":"0.8.x"} (current: {"node":"v0.10.28","npm":"1.4.15"})
npm WARN engine hoek@0.7.6: wanted: {"node":"0.8.x"} (current: {"node":"v0.10.28","npm":"1.4.15"})
npm WARN engine boom@0.3.8: wanted: {"node":"0.8.x"} (current: {"node":"v0.10.28","npm":"1.4.15"})
npm ERR! Error: EACCES, symlink '/lib/node_modules/appium/bin/appium.js'
npm ERR!  { [Error: EACCES, symlink '/lib/node_modules/appium/bin/appium.js']
npm ERR!   errno: 3,
npm ERR!   code: 'EACCES',
npm ERR!   path: '/lib/node_modules/appium/bin/appium.js' }
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.

npm ERR! System Darwin 13.2.0
npm ERR! command "node" "/usr/local/bin/npm" "install" "-g" "appium"
npm ERR! cwd /Users/stefanow/Code/jqueryuk-workshop-2014
npm ERR! node -v v0.10.28
npm ERR! npm -v 1.4.15
npm ERR! path /lib/node_modules/appium/bin/appium.js
npm ERR! code EACCES
npm ERR! errno 3
npm ERR! stack Error: EACCES, symlink '/lib/node_modules/appium/bin/appium.js'
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:
npm ERR!     /Users/stefanow/Code/jqueryuk-workshop-2014/npm-debug.log
npm ERR! not ok code 0

该问题显示没发访问部分文件，请使用root用户重试，很显然是权限不够，但是，问题1已经说过不能使用root用户进行安装。那么关键问题就是怎么解决权限问题了，首先我们想到的是修改目录的权限，执行以下命令：

sudo chmod 777 /lib/node_modules -R 

但是，重新执行发现问题依旧。
查看/lib/node_modules目录，我们发现并没有/lib/node_modules/appium/bin/appium.js文件。显然，该文件是安装时生成的，因此问题应该出在安装起npm上，查看npm相关文档我们发现日志中提到的符号链接的路径是可以修改的，因此，解决权限问题可以将该符号链接修改到用户有权限的目录中。

解决方案

• 执行以下命令修改符号链接路径

npm config set prefix '~/.npm-packages'

• 将新路径添加到环境变量

vim ~/.bashrc  
# 在文件中添加以下内容
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.npm-packages/bin"

• 使环境变量生效

source .bashrc

问题3: appium启动问题

问题

appium启动时可能会遇到下列问题

zhonghq@zhonghq:~$ appium
error: uncaughtException: fn must be a function
See http://goo.gl/916lJJ
date=Sat Nov 21 2015 10:37:25 GMT+0800 (HKT), pid=2504, uid=501, gid=20, cwd=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium, execPath=/usr/local/bin/node, version=v0.10.34, argv=[node, /usr/local/bin/appium], rss=103559168, heapTotal=86062080, heapUsed=56309664, loadavg=[1.6328125, 1.86767578125, 1.81103515625], uptime=39552, trace=[column=15, file=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/node_modules/appium-support/node_modules/bluebird/js/main/promisify.js, function=Function.Promise.promisify, line=268, method=Promise.promisify, native=false, column=13, file=lib/fs.js, function=, line=46, method=null, native=false, column=26, file=module.js, function=Module._compile, line=456, method=_compile, native=false, column=10, file=module.js, function=Object.Module._extensions..js, line=474, method=Module._extensions..js, native=false, column=32, file=module.js, function=Module.load, line=356, method=load, native=false, column=12, file=module.js, function=Function.Module._load, line=312, method=Module._load, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=Module.require, line=364, method=require, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=require, line=380, method=null, native=false, column=11, file=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/node_modules/appium-support/build/lib/tempdir.js, function=, line=12, method=null, native=false, column=26, file=module.js, function=Module._compile, line=456, method=_compile, native=false, column=10, file=module.js, function=Object.Module._extensions..js, line=474, method=Module._extensions..js, native=false, column=32, file=module.js, function=Module.load, line=356, method=load, native=false, column=12, file=module.js, function=Function.Module._load, line=312, method=Module._load, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=Module.require, line=364, method=require, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=require, line=380, method=null, native=false, column=19, file=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/node_modules/appium-support/build/index.js, function=, line=11, method=null, native=false, column=26, file=module.js, function=Module._compile, line=456, method=_compile, native=false, column=10, file=module.js, function=Object.Module._extensions..js, line=474, method=Module._extensions..js, native=false, column=32, file=module.js, function=Module.load, line=356, method=load, native=false, column=12, file=module.js, function=Function.Module._load, line=312, method=Module._load, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=Module.require, line=364, method=require, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=require, line=380, method=null, native=false, column=42, file=lib/proxy.js, function=, line=2, method=null, native=false, column=26, file=module.js, function=Module._compile, line=456, method=_compile, native=false, column=10, file=module.js, function=Object.Module._extensions..js, line=474, method=Module._extensions..js, native=false, column=32, file=module.js, function=Module.load, line=356, method=load, native=false, column=12, file=module.js, function=Function.Module._load, line=312, method=Module._load, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=Module.require, line=364, method=require, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=require, line=380, method=null, native=false, column=17, file=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/build/index.js, function=, line=9, method=null, native=false, column=26, file=module.js, function=Module._compile, line=456, method=_compile, native=false, column=10, file=module.js, function=Object.Module._extensions..js, line=474, method=Module._extensions..js, native=false, column=32, file=module.js, function=Module.load, line=356, method=load, native=false, column=12, file=module.js, function=Function.Module._load, line=312, method=Module._load, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=Module.require, line=364, method=require, native=false, column=17, file=module.js, function=require, line=380, method=null, native=false, column=28, file=lib/chromedriver.js, function=, line=3, method=null, native=false, column=26, file=module.js, function=Module._compile, line=456, method=_compile, native=false, column=10, file=module.js, function=Object.Module._extensions..js, line=474, method=Module._extensions..js, native=false, column=32, file=module.js, function=Module.load, line=356, method=load, native=false], stack=[TypeError: fn must be a function, , See http://goo.gl/916lJJ, , at Function.Promise.promisify (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/node_modules/appium-support/node_modules/bluebird/js/main/promisify.js:268:15), at Object.<anonymous> (lib/fs.js:46:13), at Module._compile (module.js:456:26), at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10), at Module.load (module.js:356:32), at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12), at Module.require (module.js:364:17), at require (module.js:380:17), at Object.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/node_modules/appium-support/build/lib/tempdir.js:12:11), at Module._compile (module.js:456:26), at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10), at Module.load (module.js:356:32), at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12), at Module.require (module.js:364:17), at require (module.js:380:17), at Object.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/node_modules/appium-support/build/index.js:11:19), at Module._compile (module.js:456:26), at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10), at Module.load (module.js:356:32), at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12), at Module.require (module.js:364:17), at require (module.js:380:17), at Object.<anonymous> (lib/proxy.js:2:42), at Module._compile (module.js:456:26), at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10), at Module.load (module.js:356:32), at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12), at Module.require (module.js:364:17), at require (module.js:380:17), at Object.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-chromedriver/node_modules/appium-jsonwp-proxy/build/index.js:9:17), at Module._compile (module.js:456:26), at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10), at Module.load (module.js:356:32), at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12), at Module.require (module.js:364:17), at require (module.js:380:17), at Object.<anonymous> (lib/chromedriver.js:3:28), at Module._compile (module.js:456:26), at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10), at Module.load (module.js:356:32)]

google我们发现问题是node.js版本太低导致。
首先我们想到的解决方案是直接使用以下命令

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs

很可惜这种方式在unbuntu 14.04默认安装的nodejs版本还是v0.10.34，不支持我们安装的appium（版本1.4.16），那只能采用源码升级方式了。（注：查看nodejs版本号方法node -v，查看appium版本方法appium -v）

解决方案

源码升级notejs

# Using Ubuntu
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_0.12 | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

将nodejs版本升级到v0.12之后，appium就可以正常执行了。
至此大功告成！>_<