为python名片夹项目制作用户界面（一）：窗口弹出及保存名片

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-01 10:35:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-01 10:35:00 发布

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分类专栏： python入门文章标签： python gui pyqt 界面设计

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hruffhfn1/article/details/104853701

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为python名片夹项目制作用户界面（一）：窗口弹出及保存名片

前言
一、UI设计
二、将UI文件转为python文件
三、调试各个窗口
四、主程序

前言

名片夹项目是我自学python开始时做的第一个项目，当时依据视频及自己查资料，使其真正做到重复使用、记录名片的功能。但是没有用户界面还是不像一个应用工具，最近闲暇时间了解了一下python GUI 设计，经过对比多个库，决定使用pyqt5，一方面是功能强大，最主要的是网上相关文档多，适合自学。经过几天学习，第一阶段完成了页面弹出、将新建名片保存在txt文档中两个功能，特记录！

一、UI设计

UI是直接用QtDesigner画出来的，窗口按钮在designer里设置槽函数
$三个窗口，welcome、create、edit分别是欢迎界面、新建名片、查看\修改窗口，修改按钮实际上是确认修改$
其实在设计edit窗口的时候就觉得，完全可以在一个窗口里实现新建、修改、查看功能，但是没有在一个窗口里做，一方面是学习窗口跳转，另一方面觉得在一个窗口里实现，就像是一个小型的Excel了，没意思！

二、将UI文件转为python文件

使用终端命令pyuic5 -o D:\B.个人\python\edit.py D:\B.个人\python\edit.ui可以将designer的UI文件转为python文件，也可以在pycharm里设置外部工具来实现。
导出的python文件如下

1、welcome.py

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(380, 163)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(29, 89, 321, 51))
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_3)
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2)
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 10, 321, 16))
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 70, 321, 16))
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 40, 291, 20))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("隶书")
        font.setPointSize(16)
        self.label_3.setFont(font)
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        self.pushButton_3.clicked.connect(MainWindow.open_new_ui)
        self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(MainWindow.open_edit_ui)
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(MainWindow.close)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "新建"))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "查询"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "**********************************************************************"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "**********************************************************************"))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "欢迎使用名片管理系统，请选择您的操作"))

2、create.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'create_ui.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.2
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_Dialog(object):
    def setupUi(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(240, 146)
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 20, 41, 16))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("隶书")
        font.setPointSize(16)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 50, 41, 16))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("隶书")
        font.setPointSize(16)
        self.label_2.setFont(font)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 80, 41, 16))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("隶书")
        font.setPointSize(16)
        self.label_3.setFont(font)
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.name_le = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.name_le.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(80, 20, 113, 20))
        self.name_le.setObjectName("name_le")
        self.phone_le = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.phone_le.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(80, 50, 113, 20))
        self.phone_le.setObjectName("phone_le")
        self.email_le = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.email_le.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(80, 80, 113, 20))
        self.email_le.setObjectName("email_le")
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 110, 171, 21))
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.ok_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.ok_button.setObjectName("ok_button")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.ok_button)
        self.cancel_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.cancel_button.setObjectName("cancel_button")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.cancel_button)

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        self.ok_button.clicked.connect(Dialog.create_new_card)
        self.cancel_button.clicked.connect(Dialog.reject)
        self.ok_button.clicked.connect(Dialog.accept)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("Dialog", "姓名"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("Dialog", "电话"))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("Dialog", "邮箱"))
        self.ok_button.setText(_translate("Dialog", "确定"))
        self.cancel_button.setText(_translate("Dialog", "取消"))

3、edit.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'edit_ui.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.2
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_Dialog(object):
    def setupUi(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(320, 240)
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 200, 281, 31))
        self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.edit = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.edit.setObjectName("edit")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.edit)
        self.delet = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.delet.setObjectName("delet")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.delet)
        self.back = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
        self.back.setObjectName("back")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.back)
        self.tableWidget = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(Dialog)
        self.tableWidget.setEnabled(True)
        self.tableWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(15, 10, 291, 192))
        self.tableWidget.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(291, 192))
        self.tableWidget.setAlternatingRowColors(True)
        self.tableWidget.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.ExtendedSelection)
        self.tableWidget.setTextElideMode(QtCore.Qt.ElideLeft)
        self.tableWidget.setShowGrid(False)
        self.tableWidget.setGridStyle(QtCore.Qt.DotLine)
        self.tableWidget.setCornerButtonEnabled(True)
        self.tableWidget.setObjectName("tableWidget")
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(3)
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(0)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(0, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(1, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(2, item)
        self.tableWidget.verticalHeader().setDefaultSectionSize(22)
        self.tableWidget.verticalHeader().setMinimumSectionSize(17)

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        self.edit.clicked.connect(Dialog.save_all)
        self.back.clicked.connect(Dialog.reject)
        self.edit.clicked.connect(Dialog.accept)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))
        self.edit.setText(_translate("Dialog", "修改"))
        self.delet.setText(_translate("Dialog", "删除"))
        self.back.setText(_translate("Dialog", "返回"))
        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(0)
        item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "姓名"))
        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(1)
        item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "电话"))
        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(2)
        item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "邮箱"))

三、调试各个窗口

我们可以看到UI转的python文件上方有一句warning：# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
我一开始没注意到，直接在窗口里写类函数，然后修改UI，重新生成py文件后这些函数又得重写，很烦，这才发现有这么一句警告，于是将函数写到了另外的文件里，UI文件单独放到resource文件夹内。
在每个窗口文件中，制作信号，将信号与designer里定义的槽函数连接起来。

1、welcome_window

from PyQt5.Qt import *
from resource.welcome_ui import Ui_MainWindow


class Welcome(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
	show_create_pane_signel = pyqtSignal()
	show_edit_pane_signal = pyqtSignal()
	def __init__(self):
		super().__init__()
		self.setupUi(self)

	def open_new_ui(self):

		self.show_create_pane_signel.emit()

	def open_edit_ui(self):
		self.show_edit_pane_signal.emit()


if __name__ == "__main__":
	import sys

	QCoreApplication.setAttribute(Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
	app = QApplication(sys.argv)
	window = Welcome()

	window.show()
	sys.exit(app.exec_())

2、create_window

from PyQt5.Qt import *
from resource.create_ui import Ui_Dialog

class Create(QDialog, Ui_Dialog):
	create_card_singel = pyqtSignal(str,str,str)
	def __init__(self):
		super().__init__()
		self.setupUi(self)

	def create_new_card(self):
		name = self.name_le.text()
		phone = self.phone_le.text()
		email = self.email_le.text()
		self.create_card_singel.emit(name,phone,email)



if __name__ == '__main__':
	import sys

	QCoreApplication.setAttribute(Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
	app = QApplication(sys.argv)
	window = Create()
	window.create_card_singel.connect(lambda a,b,c: print(a,b,c))

	window.show()
	sys.exit(app.exec_())

3、edit_window

from PyQt5.Qt import *
from resource.edit_ui import Ui_Dialog

class Edit(QDialog, Ui_Dialog):
	save_all_signal = pyqtSignal()
	def __init__(self):
		super().__init__()
		self.setupUi(self)

	def save_all(self):
		print("名片已保存")
		# card_content = self.columnView.text()
		self.save_all_signal.emit()




if __name__ == '__main__':
	import sys

	QCoreApplication.setAttribute(Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
	app = QApplication(sys.argv)
	window = Edit()

	window.show()
	sys.exit(app.exec_())

四、主程序

主程序中定义一个写txt文件的函数write_card，用来接收新建窗口点击确定时得到的三个内容，并以字典的格式存在card.txt文件中

#coding=utf-8
from welcome_window import Welcome
from create_window import Create
from edit_window import Edit

from PyQt5.Qt import *

def write_card(name,phone,email):
	card_dic= {"name":name,"phone":phone,"email":email}
	file_handle = open('card.txt', "a")
	file_handle.write(str(card_dic))
	file_handle.write('\n')
	file_handle.close()
	print('%s 名片已存入' % name)



if __name__ == "__main__":
	import sys

	QCoreApplication.setAttribute(Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
	app = QApplication(sys.argv)
	welcome = Welcome()
	create = Create()
	edit = Edit()

	welcome.show_create_pane_signel.connect(create.show)
	welcome.show_edit_pane_signal.connect(edit.show)
	create.create_card_singel.connect(lambda name,phone,email: write_card(name,phone,email))

	welcome.show()
	sys.exit(app.exec_())

目前做到这里，还差一个读取txt文件内容到edit窗口中，以及修改窗口数据后点击修改按钮将文件更新的功能，这两天做完，发第二篇博文

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为python名片夹项目制作用户界面（一）：窗口弹出及保存名片

为python名片夹项目制作用户界面（一）：窗口弹出及保存名片前言一、UI设计二、将UI文件转为python文件1、welcome.py2、create.py3、edit.py三、调试各个窗口1、welcome_window2、create_window3、edit_window四、主程序前言名片夹项目是我自学python开始时做的第一个项目，当时依据视频及自己查资料，使其真正做到重复使用、记...
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