SpringCloud Alibaba
版本关系
版本依赖关系及说明可以参考如下链接：参考链接
版本选择
本次开发选择最新版本: 2021.0.4.0
查询版本对应关系:https://start.spring.io/actuator/info
{
"git": {
"branch": "b63fdb671d5422ead117d3f62cdbf1bc41bd41db",
"commit": {
"id": "b63fdb6",
"time": "2022-12-13T20:20:17Z"
}
},
"build": {
"version": "0.0.1-SNAPSHOT",
"artifact": "start-site",
"versions": {
"spring-boot": "3.0.0",
"initializr": "0.20.0-SNAPSHOT"
},
"name": "start.spring.io website",
"time": "2022-12-13T20:35:38.244Z",
"group": "io.spring.start"
},
"bom-ranges": {
"codecentric-spring-boot-admin": {
"2.4.3": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.5.0-M1",
"2.5.6": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"2.6.8": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <2.7.0-M1",
"2.7.4": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1",
"3.0.0-M4": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.1.0-M1"
},
"solace-spring-boot": {
"1.1.0": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"1.2.2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1"
},
"solace-spring-cloud": {
"1.1.1": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.4.0-M1",
"2.1.0": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"2.3.2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1"
},
"spring-cloud": {
"Hoxton.SR12": "Spring Boot >=2.2.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0.M1",
"2020.0.6": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"2021.0.0-M1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M3",
"2021.0.0-M3": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M3 and <2.6.0-RC1",
"2021.0.0-RC1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-RC1 and <2.6.1",
"2021.0.5": "Spring Boot >=2.6.1 and <3.0.0-M1",
"2022.0.0-M1": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M2",
"2022.0.0-M2": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M2 and <3.0.0-M3",
"2022.0.0-M3": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M3 and <3.0.0-M4",
"2022.0.0-M4": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M4 and <3.0.0-M5",
"2022.0.0-M5": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M5 and <3.0.0-RC1",
"2022.0.0-RC1": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-RC1 and <3.0.0-RC2",
"2022.0.0-RC2": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-RC2 and <3.1.0-M1"
},
"spring-cloud-azure": {
"4.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1",
"6.0.0-beta.4": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.1.0-M1"
},
"spring-cloud-gcp": {
"2.0.11": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"3.4.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"
},
"spring-cloud-services": {
"2.3.0.RELEASE": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0-M1",
"2.4.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.5.0-M1",
"3.3.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"3.4.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1",
"3.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"
},
"spring-shell": {
"2.1.4": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0 and <3.0.0-M1",
"3.0.0-M3": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.1.0-M1"
},
"vaadin": {
"14.9.2": "Spring Boot >=2.1.0.RELEASE and <2.6.0-M1",
"23.2.11": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1",
"23.3.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <2.8.0-M1"
},
"wavefront": {
"2.0.2": "Spring Boot >=2.1.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0-M1",
"2.1.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.5.0-M1",
"2.2.2": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1",
"2.3.1": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"
}
},
"dependency-ranges": {
"native": {
"0.9.0": "Spring Boot >=2.4.3 and <2.4.4",
"0.9.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.4 and <2.4.5",
"0.9.2": "Spring Boot >=2.4.5 and <2.5.0-M1",
"0.10.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.5.2",
"0.10.1": "Spring Boot >=2.5.2 and <2.5.3",
"0.10.2": "Spring Boot >=2.5.3 and <2.5.4",
"0.10.3": "Spring Boot >=2.5.4 and <2.5.5",
"0.10.4": "Spring Boot >=2.5.5 and <2.5.6",
"0.10.5": "Spring Boot >=2.5.6 and <2.5.9",
"0.10.6": "Spring Boot >=2.5.9 and <2.6.0-M1",
"0.11.0-M1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.6.0-RC1",
"0.11.0-M2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-RC1 and <2.6.0",
"0.11.0-RC1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0 and <2.6.1",
"0.11.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.1 and <2.6.2",
"0.11.1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.2 and <2.6.3",
"0.11.2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.3 and <2.6.4",
"0.11.3": "Spring Boot >=2.6.4 and <2.6.6",
"0.11.5": "Spring Boot >=2.6.6 and <2.7.0-M1",
"0.12.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <2.7.1",
"0.12.1": "Spring Boot >=2.7.1 and <3.0.0-M1"
},
"okta": {
"1.4.0": "Spring Boot >=2.2.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0-M1",
"1.5.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.4.1",
"2.0.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.1 and <2.5.0-M1",
"2.1.6": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"
},
"mybatis": {
"2.1.4": "Spring Boot >=2.1.0.RELEASE and <2.5.0-M1",
"2.2.2": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1",
"2.3.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1",
"3.0.0": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1"
},
"camel": {
"3.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.4.0-M1",
"3.10.0": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0.M1 and <2.5.0-M1",
"3.13.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"3.17.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <2.7.0-M1",
"3.19.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1"
},
"picocli": {
"4.7.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.RELEASE and <3.1.0-M1"
},
"open-service-broker": {
"3.2.0": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.4.0-M1",
"3.3.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.5.0-M1",
"3.4.1": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M1",
"3.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1"
}
}
}
技术栈
微服务架构技术框架
| 微服务目录 | 相关技术 |
|---|---|
| 服务开发 | Springboot2.7.6 |
| 服务配置与管理 | Nacos2.0.4 |
| 服务注册与发现 | Nacos2.0.4 |
| 服务调用 | OpenFeign |
| 服务熔断 | Sentinel1.8.5 |
| 负载均衡 | Spring Cloud LoadBalance、Robbin |
| 消息队列 | RocketMQ4.9.4 |
| 服务路由（API网关） | Spring Cloud Gateway |
| 服务监控 | Sentinel1.8.5 |
| 全链路追踪 | skywalking |
| 服务部署 | Docker、kubernetes |
| 数据流操作开发包 | Spring Cloud Stream |
| 分布式事务 | Seata1.5.2 |
| 数据缓存 | redis7、ehcache |
| 持久层框架 | Mybatis Plus 3.5.0 |
| 调度器 | xxl-job |
Nacos-服务冶理
官网地址
搭建环境
第1步: 安装nacos
下载地址: https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases 下载zip格式的安装包，然后进行解压缩操作
第2步: 启动nacos
#linux系统 sh startup.sh -m standalone #windows系统 startup.cmd -m standalone
第3步: 访问nacos
打开浏览器输入http://localhost:8848/nacos，即可访问服务， 默认密码是nacos/nacos
服务注册
添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency>
配置服务提供者
i. 在 application.properties 中配置 Nacos server 的地址
# spring spring: application: # 应用名称 name: nk-system cloud: nacos: discovery: # 服务注册地址 server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
ii. 通过 Spring Cloud 原生注解 @EnableDiscoveryClient 开启服务注册发现功能：
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient //开启注册发现
public class NkAssetApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NkAssetApplication.class, args);
}
}
openFeign
添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId> </dependency>
开启注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //开启注解
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NkAssetApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NkAssetApplication.class, args);
}
}
服务调用
/**
* 调用人员服务
* @author hesai
*/
@FeignClient(value="nk-system",fallback = SysUserService.class)
public interface ISysUserService {
/**
* 查询人员信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/sys/user")
public String findAll();
}
Sentinel-服务容错
集成
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId> </dependency>
安装
1、下载安装包
Release v1.8.5 · alibaba/Sentinel · GitHub
1.8.5下载地址：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases/download/1.8.5/sentinel-dashboard-1.8.5.jar
2、启动服务
java -Dserver.port=8080 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.8.5.jar
增加配置
spring: application: # 应用名称 name: nk-system cloud: #服务熔断 sentinel: transport: #port: 9999 dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8080
GateWay-服务网关
添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <!--需要排除springboot web依赖，不然启动报错--> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 一定要引入，不然无法使用服务名调用 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId> </dependency>
添加配置
server: port: 9000 # spring spring: application: name: nk-gateway cloud: nacos: discovery: # 服务注册地址 server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 sentinel: eager: true transport: # 控制台地址 dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8080 gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true #让gateway通过nacos找到其他微服务
增加注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NkGatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(NkGatewayApplication.class, args);
}
}
Nacos-服务配置
添加依赖
<!--nacos 服务配置 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId> </dependency>
修改配置
不能使用原来的application.yml作为配置文件，而是新建一个bootstrap.yml作为配置文件
配置文件加载的优先级（由高到低） bootstrap.properties ->bootstrap.yml -> application.properties -> application.yml
spring:
application:
# 应用名称
name: nk-asset
profiles:
active: dev #环境标识
cloud:
nacos:
config: #服务配置
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 #nacos中心地址
file-extension: yaml # 配置文件格式
网关聚合Swagger
引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
增加SwaggerProvider
@Primary
@Component
public class SwaggerProvider implements SwaggerResourcesProvider, WebFluxConfigurer
{
/**
* Swagger2默认的url后缀
*/
public static final String SWAGGER2URL = "/v2/api-docs";
增加SwaggerHandler
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/swagger-resources")
public class SwaggerHandler
{
@Autowired(required = false)
private SecurityConfiguration securityConfiguration;
@Autowired(required = false)
private UiConfiguration uiConfiguration;
设置StripPrefix = 1
/**
* 重写StripPrefix = 1,支持全局
* @author hesai
* @date 2023年02月08日 14:42
*/
public class RequestGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
// 重写StripPrefix
addOriginalRequestUrl(exchange, request.getURI());
总结
-
容错思路：隔离、超时、限流、熔断、降级
-
隔离方式有：线程池隔离和信号量隔离
-
服务熔断状态：关闭状态、开启状态、半熔断状态
-
sentinel流控模式：直接（默认）、关联、链路
-
事务特性：A：原子性(Atomicity)、C：一致性(Consistency)、I：隔离性(Isolation)、D：持久性(Durability)
-
TCC事务
-
Seata实现事务控制原理
-
Seata事务模式：AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式
-
Nacos注册服务工作过程原理
-
ribbin负载策略
问题
nacos
nacos无法启动
ERROR: Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment, We need java(x64)! jdk8 or later is better! !!
原因：nacos/bin/startup.sh 中配置的JAVA_HOME路径不是系统JDK的路径
找到JDK安装路径
[hesai@localhost bin]$ which java
[hesai@localhost bin]$ which java /bin/java [hesai@localhost bin]$ ls -lrt /bin/java lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 11月 4 2021 /bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java [hesai@localhost bin]$ ls -lrt /etc/alternatives/java lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 71 11月 4 2021 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.el7.x86_64/jre/bin/java
修改/etc/profile文件
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.el7.x86_64 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.el7.x86_64/ export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
服务无法下线
错误：The Raft Group [naming_instance_metadata] did not find the Leader node
原因：注册的Ip啥的混乱了
解决方法：停掉nacos,再删掉 data目录下的protocol 文件夹,再重启nacos.最后再重启需要注册的那些服务.
openFeign调用一直走熔断
原因：
1、熔断配置问题
2、参考链接
//启动类注解的扫描不到类，增加指定包路径
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.matech.nk.api"})
spring扫描时把openFeign实现类当成普通servcie自动注入，导致代理调用错了类，一直进入熔断类
swagger问题
无法加载接口出来
原因：配置文件中缺少配置
spring: mvc: pathmatch: matching-strategy: ant-path-matcher
原因：
-
@ApiImplicitParam 配置的参数值与实际方法中参数不一致
#检查控制层配置
No API definition provided
原因：
-
可能网关中配置有nacos地址与微服务中配置的IP不一致，nacos中找不到其他服务，如下错误配置
-
网关中没有配置环境标识，加载不到配置中心的参数
网关配置：
server: port: 9000 # spring spring: application: name: nk-gateway #重要，没有配置这个，无法加载到nk-gateway-dev.yml文件 profiles: active: dev #环境标识 cloud: nacos: discovery: # 服务注册地址 server-addr: 192.168.1.145:8848 config: #nacos中心地址 server-addr: 192.168.1.145:8848 # 配置文件格式 file-extension: yml sentinel: eager: true transport: # 控制台地址 dashboard: 192.168.1.145:8080
服务配置
#环境配置
server:
port: 9001
# spring配置
spring:
application:
# 应用名称
name: nk-system
profiles:
active: dev #环境标识
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
# 服务注册地址
server-addr: 192.168.1.206:8848
config:
#nacos中心地址
server-addr: 192.168.1.206:8848
# 配置文件格式
file-extension: yml
shared-configs:
- sys-application-${spring.profiles.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}
redis问题
对像无法序化
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.UnrecognizedPropertyException: Unrecognized field "workingOrganization"
原因：缓存中属性与实体属性不一致
文件上传
文件上传大小限制
The field file exceeds its maximum permitted size of 1048576 bytes."
增加配置：
spring:
servlet:
multipart:
enabled: true
max-file-size: 100MB
max-request-size: 100MB
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