NSDocumentDirectory 和 NSDocumentionDirectory 区别

在制作DEMO中，使用到了获取程序文件路径的自定义方法：

[objc] view plain copy print ?

1. -(NSString*)documentsDirectory{  
2.       
3.     NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);  
4.     NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths firstObject];  
5.     return documentsDirectory;  
6. }  

其中，NSDocumentDirectory 是指程序中对应的Documents路径，而NSDocumentionDirectory对应于程序中的Library/Documentation路径，这个路径是没有读写权限的，所以看不到文件生成。

iOS中NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains函数

iOS开发是在沙盒中开发的，对一些部分的文件的读写进行了限制， 只能在几个目录下读写文件：

（1）Documents：应用中用户数据可以放在这里，iTunes备份和恢复的时候会包括此目录

（2） tmp：存放临时文件，iTunes不会备份和恢复此目录，此目录下文件可能会在应用退出后删除

（3） Library/Caches：存放缓存文件，iTunes不会备份此目录，此目录下文件不会在应用退出删除

对于文件操作， NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains是核心函数。下面简要分析其试用方法：

（一）创建文件

Document下创建文件，并写入数据。

<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:23px; font-size:13px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; white-space:normal"><span style="line-height:22px"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;">NSArray</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;">paths</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">=</span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;">NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">(</span></span><span style="color:#ff00;line-height:22px"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;">NSDocumentDirectory</span></span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span style="line-height:22px"><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;">                                            </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">,</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;"> </span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;">NSUserDomainMask</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;"> </span></span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span style="line-height:22px"><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;">                                            </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">,</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;"> YES</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">);</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;"> </span></span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span style="line-height:22px"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;">NSLog</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">(@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;">"Get document path: %@"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">,[</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;">paths objectAtIndex</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">:</span><span class="lit" style="color:#06666;">0</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;">]);</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:23px; font-size:13px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; white-space:normal"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">fileName</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=[[</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">paths objectAtIndex</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="lit" style="color:#06666;line-height:22px;">0</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">]</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> stringByAppendingPathComponent</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">"myFile"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">];</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">content</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">"write data into myFile"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSData</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">contentData</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=[</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">content dataUsingEncoding</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSASCIIStringEncoding</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">];</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span class="kwd" style="color:#0088;line-height:22px;">if</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">([</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">contentData writeToFile</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">fileName atomically</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">YES</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">])</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">{</span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">    </span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSLog</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">(@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">">>write ok."</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">);</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><br style="line-height:22px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">}</span></p><p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:23px; font-size:13px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; white-space:normal"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">contentChinese</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">"写入汉字信息到文件"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:23px; font-size:13px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; white-space:normal"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSData</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">contentChineseData</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=[</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">contentChinese dataUsingEncoding</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSUnicodeStringEncoding</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">];</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:23px; font-size:13px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; white-space:normal"><span style="line-height:22px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="line-height:23px"><span class="kwd" style="color:#0088;line-height:22px;">if</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">([</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">contentData writeToFile</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">fileName atomically</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">YES</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">])</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">{</span></span><br style="line-height:23px; padding:0px; margin:0px" /><span style="line-height:23px"><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">    </span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSLog</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">(@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">">>写入成功。"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">);</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span></span></span></p>

如果要指定其他文件目录，比如Caches目录，需要更换目录常量为 NSCachesDirectory。 使用NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains只能定位Caches目录和Documents目录。 tmp目录，不能按照上面的做法获得目录了，有个函数可以获得应用的根目录：

<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSHomeDirectory</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">()</span></span></p>

也就是Documents的上级目录，当然也是tmp目录的上级目录。那么文件路径可以这样写：

<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">fileName</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=[</span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSHomeDirectory</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> stringByAppendingPathComponent</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">"tmp/myFile.txt"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">];</span></span></p>

或者，更直接一点，可以用这个函数：

<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSTemporaryDirectory</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">()</span></span></p>

不过生成的路径将可能是：

<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">…/</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">tmp</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">/-</span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">Tmp</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">-/</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">myFile</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">txt</span></span></p>

（一）使用文件

在编写应用项目的时候，常常会使用资源文件，比如：

<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">myFilePath </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">[[</span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSBundle</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> mainBundle</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">]</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span></span><br style="line-height:23px; padding:0px; margin:0px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; font-size:13px; white-space:normal" /><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal"><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">                        pathForResource</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">"f"</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span></span><br style="line-height:23px; padding:0px; margin:0px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; font-size:13px; white-space:normal" /><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal"><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">                        ofType</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">"txt"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">];</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span></span><br style="line-height:23px; padding:0px; margin:0px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; font-size:13px; white-space:normal" /><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">*</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">myFileContent</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">=[</span><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> stringWithContentsOfFile</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">myFilePath encoding</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;">NSUTF8StringEncoding error</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">:</span><span class="kwd" style="color:#0088;line-height:22px;">nil</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">];</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:22px;"> </span></span><br style="line-height:23px; padding:0px; margin:0px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; font-size:13px; white-space:normal" /><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal"><span class="typ" style="color:#66066;line-height:22px;">NSLog</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">(@</span><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:22px;">"bundel file path: %@ \nfile content:</span></span><a target=_blank target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="mailto:%@%22,myFilePath,myFileContent" style="color:rgb(255,131,115); line-height:23px; text-decoration:none; padding:0px; margin:0px; outline:0px; font-size:12px; font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体; white-space:normal"><span class="str" style="color:#0880;line-height:21px;">%@"</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:21px;">,</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:21px;">myFilePath</span><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:21px;">,</span><span class="pln" style="color:#000000;line-height:21px;">myFileContent</span></a><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif,宋体;line-height:23px; font-size:13px; white-space:normal"><span class="pun" style="color:#66660;line-height:22px;">);</span></span></span></p>