xak的专栏

Standard Alpha blendinguses this formula:result = foreground.alpha * foreground + (1 - foreground.alpha) * backgroundThis is a linear interpolation between the foreground and background colours, using the foreground's alpha as the interpolation weig.

Understanding Memory on iOS- What kind of memory?• Physical/Resident Memory• Graphics Memory• Virtual Memory• Malloc Heap• Dirty Memory• Native Memory• Mono HeapPhysical Memory (RAM)• The total amount of memory on-chip• ...

General PBR infoPhysically based rendering (PBR) is a subset of computer-generated imagery that aims at production of pictures while making use of physically based shading.There's a lot of info about this theme written already, so I wouldn't copy-paste

Physically based rendering (PBR) require to use physical lighting setup and good spatially varying BRDF inputs (a.k.a textures) to get best results.Feeding the shading model with physically plausible data is in the hand of artists.There are many texture

SymptomsMy scene contains a group of static Mesh Renderers and a dynamic/ non-static Mesh Renderer. For some reason, the static Meshes are being split into separate draw calls.CauseUnity does a ...

Photoshop中PNG转TGA的方法（也可以用来查看单独的RGB通道（不透明显示））1、Layer->Layer Mask->From Transparency2、Shift-click禁用Mask可以在Photoshop中预览不透明的图像效果（类似TGA的预览效果，也可以切换到通道面板预览对应的通道）3、. 复制Layer Mask通道作为Alpha通道，然后另存为T...

The reason for this is due to how the texture image was authored, combined with the filtering that most 3d engines use when textures are displayed at different sizes on screen.Your image may have co...

注：Substance中在进行校验的时候，非金属的Albedo值校验的时候，灰度值计算使用的是：Gray = (Red * 0.299 + Green * 0.587 + Blue * 0.114)金属的Specular值校验的时候，灰度值计算使用的是：Gray = (Red + Green + Blue) / 3...

https://marmoset.co/posts/pbr-texture-conversion/#spectometal

http://developer.download.nvidia.com/assets/gamedev/docs/OrderIndependentTransparency.pdf

Albedo should be sRGB, not linear. It should be noted that for the most part it's not how they're saved but how they're created eventually read. The image formats themselves don't usually have a conce...

Introduction to Crunch: Compressing DXT textures.Crunch is an open source texture compression library © Richard Geldreich, Jr. and Binomial LLC, available on GitHub. The library was originally d

1、Concatenation is the process of appending one string to the end of another string. When you concatenate string literals or string constants by using the + operator, the compiler creates a single

参考:https://computergraphics.stackexchange.com/questions/37/what-is-the-cost-of-changing-statehttp://media.steampowered.com/apps/steamdevdays/slides/beyondporting.pdf

当使用CommandBuffer来实现后处理的时候，发现cb.Blit(BuiltinRenderTextureType.CameraTarget，...)无效，在FrameDebug中看到传入的_MainTex为Whilte，原因:在Forward模式下，默认相机是渲染到BackBuffer，而在渲染的时候，无法直接读取BackBuffer（Deffered模式下有GBuffer），解决

Unity 5 is a very popular video game engine on mobile devices and other platforms. Being a state of the art game engine, it supports everything you might need when it comes to character animation in

A Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is a mathematical function that describes how light is reflected when it hits a surface. This largely corresponds to a lighting model in U

Example Code：      void Test(object obj)            {                if (obj == null) {                    //Something to do                }            }When the obj is an instance of G

因为系统重装，需要用到GPU截帧工具来分析游戏的时候，瞎折腾了好久。一直以为自己原来用的是Nvidia的工具（因为电脑是Nviadia显卡），下载了多个版本的PerfHUD，不是本身报错，就是游戏启动报错。然后尝试SNight，也是进入到游戏之后，刚显示出HUD的时候，就报错了（尝试其他游戏是正常的）。分明记得原来自己分析过这款游戏的。后面实在没辙了，就想，换个工具吧。然后下载了GPA，一打开，看

Shader在OpenGLES2.0上显示正常，在OpenGLES3.0上显示异常（Pink）原因：struct v2f中SV_POSITION的定义放在了另外两个定义之后，似乎当SV_POSITION的定义前面有其他超过（或者等于）两个定义时候，就会出现这样的问题。解决：将SV_POSITION放到struct v2f最前面定义

Offset Factor, UnitsfactorSpecifies a scale factor that is used to create a variable depth offset for each polygon. The initial value is 0.unitsIs multiplied by an implementation-specifi

故事开始于Unity Doc中关于Half的进度的解释Medium precision: halfMedium precision floating point value; generally 16 bits (range of –60000 to +60000, with about 3 decimal digits of precision).Half precision i

There is a requirement for imported meshes to be usable on Combine(): "Read/Write Enabled" flag must be set on mesh import settings.

Unity SerializationSo you are writing a really cool editor extension in Unity and things seem to be going really well. You get your data structures all sorted out are really happy with how the too

Problem:It seems like there is some sort of bug with shaders / materials regarding render queues.I have shader that is set to be in Geometry+10, and another shader that is set to be in the Geome

Short answer: minimum possible access Long answer:Non-nested types, enumeration and delegate accessibilities (may only have internal or public accessibility) | Defaul

Part 1: Dissecting a Framehttp://www.adriancourreges.com/blog/2015/11/02/gta-v-graphics-study/Part 2: LOD and Reflectionshttp://www.adriancourreges.com/blog/2015/11/02/gta-v-graphics-stu

http://wiki.polycount.com/wiki/Edge_padding

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/hoppe/newqem.pdfhttp://www.melax.com/gdmag.pdf?attredirects=0

1、Important FactResolutionProperty:Function:Terrain WidthSize of the terrain object in its X axis (in world units).Terrain LengthSize of the terrain o

Sometime, The warn info are turn into error msg in unity's console, Although we can find the error msg in the bottom of msg's detail,But when we have a lot of warn, It can be showed until you fixed most of the warn.So we need to hide the warn infos simplel

1、From：http://www.blackpawn.com/texts/lightmaps/default.htmlPop Quiz: You have 765,618 lightmaps for a scene and very few of them have power of 2 dimensions, what do you do? If your answer was t

From:https://unity3d.com/cn/learn/tutorials/modules/intermediate/editor/menu-itemsThe Unity editor allows adding custom menus that look and behave like the built-in menus. This can be very useful

Unity iOS and Android contain a built in profiler. The built-in profiler emits console messages from the game running on device. These messages are written every 30 seconds and will provide insight in

本文分析了NGUI中UIToggle在某些特定场景下修改状态无效的原因和解决方法。

If you use texture compression, that will cause bleeding problems. And texture filtering mode is an another culprit. There are few solutions.* Use uncompressed 32 bit textures atlas with point f

In 99% of all cases you don't want to use a destructor (finalizer) at all:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3649066/use-of-destructor-in-chttp://blog.stephencleary.com/2009/08/how-to-implement-

ISerializationCallbackReceiver.OnBeforeSerializeDescriptionImplement this method to receive a callback after unity serialized your object.In contrast to many other programming envi

Many people are writing reusable code components in external DLL files, and deploy them in their Unity project. Using UnityVS, it's also possible to debug them.Please note that UnityVS currently onl

很好的一篇关于UNITY优化文章~！http://malideveloper.arm.com/downloads/Unite_2013-Optimizing_Unity_Games_for_Mobile_Platforms.pdf

Oftentimes you’ll find yourself using classes you can’t modify. Whether they’re basic data types or part of an existing framework, you’re stuck with the functions that are provided. That being said, C

Making good artificial intelligence for computer opponents is difficult. Programming a game like draughts isn't terribly challenging; adding convincing AI, however, might take longer than making the g

例如两个含有n个元素的有序（非降序）整型数组a和b（数组a与b中都没有重复元素），求出其共同元素，a = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4b = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9那么它们的交集为{1, 3}。计算数组交集可以采用很多种方法，但数组的相对大小一般会影响算法的效率，所以需要根据两个数组的相对大小来确定采用的方法：（1）对于两个数组长度相当的情况，一般可以采取

NGUI 方面的Draw Call 优化：(1)     打包图集一、每个材质/纹理的渲染一定是会产生DrawCall的，这个DrawCall只能通过打包图集来进行优化。二、从功能角度进行划分，例如UI可以划分为公共部分，以及每个具体的界面，功能上，显示上密切相关的图片打包到一起  (2)渲染顺序一、  U3D的渲染是有顺序的，NGUI的渲染顺序是由

This section covers general networking concepts that should be understood before developing a game with Unity’s networking architecture.What is Networking?Networking is communication between two or mo

4. 最小生成树4.1 生成树（1）定义：所有顶点均由边连接在一起，但不存在回路的图叫该图的生成树（2）深度优先生成树与广度优先生成树（3）    一个图可以有许多棵不同的生成树    所有生成树具有以下共同特点：           生成树的顶点个数与图的顶点个数相同           生成树是图的极小连通子图4.2 最小生成树

原文地址：http://2728green-rock.blog.163.com/blog/static/43636790200901211848284/１  最短路径算法在日常生活中，我们如果需要常常往返A地区和B地区之间，我们最希望知道的可能是从A地区到B地区间的众多路径中，那一条路径的路途最短。最短路径问题是图论研究中的一个经典算法问题， 旨在寻找图（由结点和路径组成的）中两结点之间的

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/technology/archive/2011/05/26/2058842.html        当然寻路算法不止 A* 这一种, 还有递归, 非递归, 广度优先, 深度优先, 使用堆栈等等, 有兴趣的可以研究研究~~简易地图        如图所示简易地图, 其中绿色方块的是起点 (用 A 表示), 中间蓝色的

This page contains some tips to help you obtain the best performance from Mecanim, covering character setup, the animation system and runtime optimizations.Character SetupNumber of Bones

InterpolateContents [hide] 1 Description2 Usage3 Code3.1 Interpolate.js3.2 Interpolate.csDescriptionInterpolation utility functions for easing, Bezier splin

Bezier curves are very convenient when you don't know the entire set of points in advance because they are very easy to build piece by piece. They are pretty efficient and conceptually straightforwa

When you use "Custom Editor" for a custom class (Mark as A,Use DrawDefaultInspector () in OnInspectorGUI()), And the class contain a list of other class(Mark as B) which will use custom property Drawe

The last blog post didn't cover a certain nifty method in PropertyDrawer, which is the GetPropertyHeight. GetPropertyHeight: Determines the height in pixel of the property field. 

原文地址：http://catlikecoding.com/unity/tutorials/editor/custom-list/In this Unity C# tutorial you will create a custom visualization for arrays and lists in the editor.You will learn tocrea

Whilst it is possible to use encryption to secure your Assets as they are being transmitted, once the data is in the hands of the client it is possible to find ways to grab the content from them. For

Nullable Types in C#One of the "late breaking" features in C# 2.0 is what is known as "Nullable Types". The details can be found in the C# 2.0 language spec.Nullable types address the scenar

If you are about to lightmap your first scene in Unity, this Quickstart Guide might help you out.Lightmapping is fully integrated in Unity, so that you can build entire levels from within the Edit

定义：SelectTSource, TResult>(IEnumerableTSource>, FuncTSource, Int32, TResult>)Projects each element of a sequence into a new form by incorporating the element's index.SelectManyTSource,

Just like on PCs, mobile platforms like iOS and Android have devices of various levels of performance. You can easily find a phone that’s 10x more powerful for rendering than some other phone. Quite e

I use AnimationCurves for a lot of things ( tweens, changing colors, simulating root motion without Mecanim, faking physical interactions between adjacent pieces in a game I’m working on ) and sometim

I see this sort of thing far too often:transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(startPos, endPos, Time.deltaTime);The person posting it is usually convinced that Vector3.Lerp is “broken”, but the real

问题描述：在Scene中明显看到碰撞体有重叠，但是就是不触发碰撞事件。在

脚本：#! /usr/lical/bin/pythonimport os,Image,sysfrom xml.etree import ElementTreedef tree_to_dict(tree): d = {} for index, item in enumerate(tree): if item.tag == 'key':

Because the key to delete shape in Sprite Editor on window is ""

本文介绍了了unity中Assetbundle的使用以及使用过程中可能会碰到的一些问题。

1、Seek2、Flee

In the natural world, organisms exhibit certain behaviors when traveling in groups. This phenomenon, also known as flocking, occurs at both microscopic scales (bacteria) and macroscopic scales (fish).

本文讲述了如何在运行的时候动态修改粒子系统的粒子速度。

本文主要讲述了如何在在Unity中实现类似LOL中技能冷却效果。

Since the cosine is symmetrical about 0, the angle is the same no matter if "to the left" or "to the right". If you want to know the side, the cross product may help you. Supposing that both vectors a

The article will tell you why GetComponentsInChildren not work in OnDisable event.

This arctile will tell you how to expose Interface field In Inspector,and serialize it.

本文介绍了如何使用Disunity进行资源提取，以及如何将KTX贴图转换成PNG格式。

委托是一个类，它定义了方法的类型，使得可以将方法当作另一个方法的参数来进行传递。事件是一种特殊的委托。　　1.委托的声明　　(1). delegate        delegate我们常用到的一种声明　　  Delegate至少0个参数，至多32个参数，可以无返回值，也可以指定返回值类型。　　  例：public delegate int MethodtD

本文描述了Unity中UV滚动抖动的原因和解决办法。

原文地址：http://blogs.unity3d.com/2014/07/03/metal-a-new-graphics-api-for-ios-8/Exciting times for graphics on iOS 8!At its recent World Wide Developers Conference, Apple introduced Metal, a new

有些东西还是需要备忘下，要不开始新的项目的时候有些东西真会想想不起来~

本文详细的解读了Unity中关于动画Root Motion的相关知识。

现象：using ramp textures and getting strange results when using the (0,0) uv of my texture.So using the texture above, instead of black the shader is rendering white:float3 ramp = text2D

<a title="Noobs Guide To Shaders #4 – Toon shading (basic)" class="hover-overlay" data-rel="prettyPhoto" href="http://unitygems.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Screen-Shot-2012-11-06-at-00.41.32.png"

使用场景：只使用lightmap，不考虑光照

1.Computer Graphics HardwareGPU (Graphics Processing Unit)Modern day computer has dedicated Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to produce images for the display, with its own graphics memory (

to save anything on a prefab it must be done from an editor script, where you assign it to the array and then use the SetDirty function to tell the editor that the data has changed and requires savi

原因：默认NGUI的Coordinates的方式为“Pixe

一般游戏中，字体贴图是游戏贴图压缩的一个重点，特别是对于中文的游戏。考虑的字体贴图的特殊性，一般我们输出的字体贴图是不含颜色信息的，所以正常情况下，我们输出的字体贴图RGBA每个通道都是一样的。这样一来，就存在很大的浪费。所以我们可以在RGBA四个通道中可以保存不同的字体。

Is there a way to break a prefab connection through the editor? IfI delete the prefab, the instance of it turns red and seems to wantthe underlying prefab restored. As it is, the only option seems t

Unity supports different Rendering Paths. You shouldchoose which one you use depending on your game content and targetplatform / hardware. Different rendering paths have differentfeatures and perfo

I suspect that Unity uses it to apply the offset and scale set inthe Material. （like tiling，Offset )

Ask:In my 2D game, I have static and dynamic objects. There can bemultiple cameras. My problem:Determineobjects that intersect with the current camera's viewrectangle.Currently, I simply iterat

When setSize of the rect,the center of the rect will be changed.soyou need to setCenter after setSize.(Just because the size's scaleis relative to left-bottom)

1.For imported animationIf you're using the Animation component,you need to import the rig as Legacy.If you import the rig as Humanaoid, you need to use anAnimator component (Mecanim) and an Anima

ScriptableObject is a class that allows you to store largequantities of shared data independent from script instances. Do notconfuse this class with the similarly named SerializableObject,which is

For the most part, you can choose any names you like for thefolders in your project but Unity reserves some names to indicatethat the contents have a special purpose. Some of these foldershave an e

在Unity3d中，我们一般常用的寻路算法：1.A*算法插件与贪婪算法不一样，贪婪算法适合动态规划，寻找局部最优解，不保证最优解。A*是静态网格中求解最短路最有效的方法。也是耗时的算法，不宜寻路频繁的场合。一般来说适合需求精确的场合。与启发式的搜索一样，能够根据改变网格密度、网格耗散来进行调整精确度。使用较好的地方：a.策略游戏的策略搜索b.方块格子游戏中的

Building AssetBundlesThere are three class methods you can use to buildAssetBundles:BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundle allowsyou to build AssetBundles of any type of asset.BuildPipeline.BuildS

Managing asset dependenciesAny given asset in a bundle may depend on other assets. Forexample, a model may incorporate materials which in turn make useof textures and shaders. It is possible to

内存耗用：VSS/RSS/PSS/USSTerms VSS - Virtual Set Size虚拟耗用内存（包含共享库占用的内存）RSS - Resident Set Size实际使用物理内存（包含共享库占用的内存）PSS - Proportional Set Size实际使用的物理内存（比例分配共享库占用的内存）USS - Unique Set Size进程独

http://codeigniter.org.cn/forums/thread-17108-1-1.htmlRedis目前是越来越火了，但是CodeIgniter2默认不支持Redis，在github上发现CodeIgniter官方把该功能放到了3.0里。想使用Redis的朋友可以自己新增一个缓存驱动，方法如下：1、将system\libraries\Cache\Cache.

游戏发展从单机游戏到局域网游戏再到mmog（Massive multiplayer online game，即大型多人在线游戏），越来越强调玩家之间的互动。mmog形成互动的前提是游戏中的所有玩家认为他们是在同一个游戏世界中，然而这个同一个游戏世界真的存在吗？答案是否定的，实际上，从不同的维度看，mmog中存在3种不同世界：　　真实世界，也就是mmog服务器推演的游戏世界；　　玩家自己的

前提1.client和server之间或多或少存在网络延迟，需要提前做好对时，并在网络环境发生变化时校正时差。国内的公网通信，非跨网的情况下，一般在120ms左右。本地的网络会好一些。2. 要努力防止外挂，如果是以client的通知为主，也要做抽查，或者全部都校验。3. 应用DR技术，在没有收到位置更新包的同时，client视野中的其他client按照游戏规则运动。4. 控制位置同步的