Go语言对json处理总结

实际业务开发中,json处理很常见,本文总结一下go语言对json的处理。

目录

1.encoding/json 包

1.1 Marshal 函数

(1)原始字段名

(2)字段重命名

1.2 Unmarshal函数

(1)原始字段名

(2)字段重命名

2.常规方法处理嵌套json

3.github.com/tidwall/gjson处理嵌套json


1.encoding/json 包

1.1 Marshal 函数

Marshal将Go语言中的数据类型转换为JSON格式的数据。

(1)原始字段名

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"

	"fmt"
)

type UserInfo struct {
	Id   int
	Age  int
	Name string
	Addr string
}

// struct -> json string
func struct_to_jsonstring() {
	user := UserInfo{Name: "张三", Age: 18, Addr: "北京", Id: 110}

	b, err := json.Marshal(user)

	if err != nil {

		fmt.Println("转换失败", err)

		return

	}

	fmt.Println(string(b))
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println("========  struct -> json string  =======")
	struct_to_jsonstring()
}

运行结果:


(2)字段重命名

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"

	"fmt"
)

// 重命名
type UserInfo struct {
	Id   int    `json:"id_other"`
	Age  int    `json:"age_other"`
	Name string `json:"name_other"`
	Addr string `json:"addr_other"`
}

// struct -> json string
func struct_to_jsonstring() {
	user := UserInfo{Name: "张三", Age: 18, Addr: "北京", Id: 110}

	b, err := json.Marshal(user)

	if err != nil {

		fmt.Println("转换失败", err)

		return

	}

	fmt.Println(string(b))
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println("========  struct -> json string  =======")
	struct_to_jsonstring()
}

运行结果如下:

1.2 Unmarshal函数

Unmarshal将 JSON格式的数据转换为 Go 语言中的数据类型。

(1)原始字段名

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"

	"fmt"
)

type UserInfo struct {
	Id   int
	Age  int
	Name string
	Addr string
}

// json string -> struct
func jsonstring_to_struct() {
	s := `{"Id": 110,"Age": 18,"Name": "张三","Addr": "北京"}`

	var user UserInfo

	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &user)

	if err != nil {

		fmt.Println("转换失败", err)

		return

	}

	fmt.Println(user)
	fmt.Println(user.Id, user.Name, user.Age, user.Addr)
}
func main() {
	fmt.Println("========  json string -> struct  =======")
	jsonstring_to_struct()
}

运行结果如下:

(2)字段重命名

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"

	"fmt"
)

// 重命名
type UserInfo struct {
	Id   int    `json:"id_other"`
	Age  int    `json:"age_other"`
	Name string `json:"name_other"`
	Addr string `json:"addr_other"`
}

// json string -> struct
func jsonstring_to_struct() {
	s := `{"id_other": 220, "age_other": 16, "name_other": "李四", "addr_other": "上海"}`

	var user UserInfo

	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &user)

	if err != nil {

		fmt.Println("转换失败", err)

		return

	}

	fmt.Println(user)
	fmt.Println(user.Id, user.Name, user.Age, user.Addr)
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println("========  json string -> struct  =======")
	jsonstring_to_struct()
}

运行结果如下:

2.常规方法处理嵌套json


以下将演示从文件读取json然后进行反序列化,通过反序列化后的对象来读取各个字段的值。

result.json

{
    "title": "信号准入检查结果",
    "time": "202230712123456789",
    "author":{
        "name":"張三",
        "age":18
     },
    "body":[
        {
            "group_item": "定位类",
            "detail_list": [
                {
                    "check_item": "信号中的所有项",
                    "check_list": [
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "完整性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述1。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary1.txt"},
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "连续性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述2。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary2.txt"}
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "check_item": "经纬度",
                    "check_list": [
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "异常检测(跳变)", "check_desc": "具体描述3。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary3.txt"},
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "异常检测(静止)", "check_desc": "具体描述4。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary4.txt"}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "group_item": "感知类",
            "detail_list":[
                {
                    "check_item": "此类中所有必须项",
                    "check_list": [
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "完整性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述5。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary5.txt"},
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "连续性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述6。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary8.txt"}
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "check_item": "障碍物坐标信号『position』",
                    "check_list": [
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "跳变异常", "check_desc": "具体描述7。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary7.txt"},
                        {"priority": "P0", "type": "超出路面异常", "check_desc": "具体描述8。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary8.txt"}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
    }
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"io/ioutil"

	"fmt"
)

// 复杂结构体和json
type CheckResultInfo struct {
	Title  string     `json:"title"`
	Time   string     `json:"time"`
	Author AuthorInfo `json:"author"`
	Body   []BodyInfo `json:"body"`
}

type AuthorInfo struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

type BodyInfo struct {
	GroupItem  string       `json:"group_item"`
	DetailList []DetailInfo `json:"detail_list"`
}

type DetailInfo struct {
	CheckItem string      `json:"check_item"`
	CheckList []CheckInfo `json:"check_list"`
}

type CheckInfo struct {
	Priority         string `json:"priority"`
	Type             string `json:"type"`
	CheckDesc        string `json:"check_desc"`
	Result           string `json:"result"`
	ConclusionDetail string `json:"conclusion_detail"`
	DetailReason     string `json:"detail_reason"`
}

// 常規方法解析json字符串
func common_deal_nestjson() {
	path := "./result.json"
	f, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
	var result CheckResultInfo
	json.Unmarshal(f, &result)

	for _, iv := range result.Body {
		fmt.Println(iv.GroupItem)
		for _, nv := range iv.DetailList {
			fmt.Println(nv.CheckItem)
			for _, cv := range nv.CheckList {
				fmt.Println(cv.Priority,
					cv.Type,
					cv.CheckDesc,
					cv.Result,
					cv.ConclusionDetail,
					cv.DetailReason)
			}
		}
	}
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println("========  common deal nestjson  =======")
	common_deal_nestjson()
}

运行结果如下所示:

如下演示复杂json字符串转map用法,具体如下:

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"log"

	"fmt"
)

// nestjson string -> map
func nestjsonstring_to_map() {
	jsonStr := `
    {
		"name": "hello tree",
		"occupation": "程序员",
		"info": {
			"age": 18,
			"addr": "广州"
		},
        "work_experience":[
           {
              "company1": "1234"
           },
           {
              "company2": "5678"
           }
        ]
     }`

	// 序列化成map
	anyMap := make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &anyMap); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	log.Println("map result:", anyMap)
	fmt.Println(anyMap["name"], anyMap["occupation"], (anyMap["info"]), anyMap["work_experience"])
}

func main() {

	fmt.Println("========  nestjson string -> map  =======")
	nestjsonstring_to_map()
}

运行方法如下:

  

3.github.com/tidwall/gjson处理嵌套json


gjson不是标准库的包,需要使用go get github.com/tidwall/gjson安装。 
gjson处理json字符串,不需要反序列化为对象而是直接读取json字符串各个字段的值。

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"log"

	"fmt"

	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
)

// 复杂结构体和json
type CheckResultInfo struct {
	Title  string     `json:"title"`
	Time   string     `json:"time"`
	Author AuthorInfo `json:"author"`
	Body   []BodyInfo `json:"body"`
}

type AuthorInfo struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

type BodyInfo struct {
	GroupItem  string       `json:"group_item"`
	DetailList []DetailInfo `json:"detail_list"`
}

type DetailInfo struct {
	CheckItem string      `json:"check_item"`
	CheckList []CheckInfo `json:"check_list"`
}

type CheckInfo struct {
	Priority         string `json:"priority"`
	Type             string `json:"type"`
	CheckDesc        string `json:"check_desc"`
	Result           string `json:"result"`
	ConclusionDetail string `json:"conclusion_detail"`
	DetailReason     string `json:"detail_reason"`
}

var jsonStr = `
	{
		"title": "信号准入检查结果",
		"time": "202230712123456789",
		"author":{
			"name":"張三",
			"age":18
		 },
		"body":[
			{
				"group_item": "定位类",
				"detail_list": [
					{
						"check_item": "信号中的所有项",
						"check_list": [
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "完整性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述1。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary1.txt"},
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "连续性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述2。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary2.txt"}
						]
					},
					{
						"check_item": "经纬度",
						"check_list": [
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "异常检测(跳变)", "check_desc": "具体描述3。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary3.txt"},
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "异常检测(静止)", "check_desc": "具体描述4。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary4.txt"}
						]
					}
				]
			},
			{
				"group_item": "感知类",
				"detail_list":[
					{
						"check_item": "此类中所有必须项",
						"check_list": [
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "完整性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述5。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary5.txt"},
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "连续性检查", "check_desc": "具体描述6。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary8.txt"}
						]
					},
					{
						"check_item": "障碍物坐标信号『position』",
						"check_list": [
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "跳变异常", "check_desc": "具体描述7。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary7.txt"},
							{"priority": "P0", "type": "超出路面异常", "check_desc": "具体描述8。", "result": "通过", "conclusion_detail":"ok", "detail_reason": "/tmp/sianal/summary8.txt"}
						]
					}
				]
			}
		]
		}
	`

func gson_deal_nestjson() {
	// json字符串反序列化成map
	anyMap := make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &anyMap); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	log.Println("Unmarshal to map:", anyMap)

	// json字符串反序列化成对象
	res := CheckResultInfo{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &res); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	log.Println("Unmarshal to struct:", res)

	// 不反序列化,直接操作json字符串,只读取单个key,比較适合复杂的json字符串
	title := gjson.Get(jsonStr, "title")
	time := gjson.Get(jsonStr, "time")
	body := gjson.Get(jsonStr, "body")
	item1 := body.Array()[0]
	item1_name := item1.Get("group_item")
	detail_list := item1.Get("detail_list")
	detail_item := detail_list.Array()[0]
	check_item := detail_item.Get("check_item")
	log.Println("title, time, item1_name, check_item: ", title, time, item1_name, check_item)
	log.Println("author info: ", gjson.Get(jsonStr, "author.name"),
		gjson.Get(jsonStr, "author.age").Int())

	check_list := detail_item.Get("check_list")
	check_list_item := check_list.Array()[1]
	log.Println("priority, type, check_desc, result, conclusion_detail, detail_reason: ",
		check_list_item.Get("priority"),
		check_list_item.Get("type"),
		check_list_item.Get("check_desc"),
		check_list_item.Get("result"),
		check_list_item.Get("conclusion_detail"),
		check_list_item.Get("detail_reason"))
}

func main() {

	fmt.Println("========  gson deal nestjson  =======")
	gson_deal_nestjson()
}

运行结果如下所示:

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