⼀. 场景介绍:
很多时候,消息的消费是不⽤保证顺序的,⽐如借助mq实现订单超时的处理。但有些时候,业务中可
能会存在多个消息需要顺序处理的情况,⽐如⽣成订单和扣减库存消息,那肯定是先执⾏⽣成订单的
操作,再执⾏扣减库存的操作。
那么这种情况下,是如何保证消息顺序消费的呢?
⾸先,为了效率,我们可以设置多个队列都来处理顺序执⾏的消息。另外,我们需要保证每组顺序消
费的消息发到同⼀个队列中,给这些消息设置⼀个统⼀的全局id即可。
其次,保证消息的顺序消费。就像上⾯所说,⼀个队列对应⼀个消费者即可,但是在项⽬的集群部署
下,这⼜该怎么处理呢?针对这种情况,我们可以设置队列的“单活模式”。
x-single-active-consumer:单活模式,表⽰是否最多只允许⼀个消费者消费,如果有多个消费者同时绑定,则只会激活第⼀个,除⾮第⼀个消费者被取消或者死亡,才会⾃动转到下⼀个消费者。
⼆. 模拟代码实现:
假设现在我们有两个队列处理顺序消息(消息1-1和1-2属于⼀组需要顺序消费的消息,消息2-1和2-2属
于另⼀组需要顺序消费的消息),每个队列有两个消费者(模拟消费者集群)。
1.
队列的配置类
1 package com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.config;
2 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
3 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
4 import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
5 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
6 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
7 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
8 import java.util.HashMap;
9
10 @Configuration
11 public class SeqQueueConfiguration {
12 /**
13 * 创建两个队列,处理顺序消息
14 */
15 @Bean
16 public Queue seqQueue1() {
17 return creatQueue("q_seq1");
18 }
19
20 @Bean
21 public Queue seqQueue2() {
22 return creatQueue("q_seq2");
23 }
24 // 交换机
25 @Bean
26 public DirectExchange seqDirectExchange() {
27 return new DirectExchange("direct_seq");
28 }
29
30 // 队列绑定交换机,执⾏路由key
31 @Bean
32 public Binding seqBinding1() {
33 return BindingBuilder.bind(seqQueue1()).to(seqDirectExchange()).with("1"
34 }
35
36 @Bean
37 public Binding seqBinding2() {
38 return BindingBuilder.bind(seqQueue2()).to(seqDirectExchange()).with("2"
39 }
40
41 /**
42 * 创建⼀个 单活模式的队列
43 * @param name
44 * @return queue
45 */
46 private Queue creatQueue(String name) {
47 HashMap<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
48 // x-single-active-consumer 单活模式 队列
49 // 表⽰是否最多只允许⼀个消费者消费,如果有多个消费者同时绑定,则只会激活第⼀个,
50 // 除⾮第⼀个消费者被取消或者死亡,才会⾃动转到下⼀个消费者。
51 args.put("x-single-active-consumer", true);
52 return new Queue(name, true, false, false, args);
53 }
54 };
2.
⽣产者
1 package com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.producer;
2 import com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.message.MessageInfo;
3 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
6 import javax.annotation.Resource;
7
8 @Component
9 public class ProducerSeq {
10 @Resource
11 private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
12
13 /**
14 * 根据id,将消息顺序发送到对应的队列
15 * @param id 业务id
16 * @param msg 业务信息
17 */
18 public void send(int id, String msg) {
19 MessageInfo message = new MessageInfo(id, msg);
20 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("direct_seq", String.valueOf(id % 2 + 1),
21 }
22 }
3.1
消费者1的代码实现:
1 package com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.consumer;
2 import com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.message.MessageInfo;
3 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
6 import java.util.Random;
7
8 @Component
9 @RabbitListener(queues = "q_seq1")
10 public class Consumer11 {
11 @RabbitHandler
12 public void onMessage(MessageInfo message) {
13 System.out.println("c11:" + message.getId() + ":" + message.getMsg());
14 // 随机休眠
15 long l = new Random(1000).nextLong();
16 try {
17 Thread.sleep(l);
18 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
19 e.printStackTrace();
20 }
21 }
22 }
3.2
消费者2的代码实现:
1 package com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.consumer;
2 import com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.message.MessageInfo;
3 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
6 import java.util.Random;
7
8 @Component
9 @RabbitListener(queues = "q_seq1")
10 public class Consumer12 {
11 @RabbitHandler
12 public void onMessage(MessageInfo message) {
13 System.out.println("c12:" + message.getId() + ":" + message.getMsg());
14 // 随机休眠
15 long l = new Random(1000).nextLong();
16 try {
17 Thread.sleep(l);
18 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
19 e.printStackTrace();
20 }
21 }
22 }
3.3
消费者3的代码实现:
1 package com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.consumer;
2 import com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.message.MessageInfo;
3 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
6 import java.util.Random;
7
8 @Component
9 @RabbitListener(queues = "q_seq2")
10 public class Consumer21 {
11 @RabbitHandler
12 public void onMessage(MessageInfo message) {
13 System.out.println("c21:" + message.getId() + ":" + message.getMsg());
14 // 随机休眠
15 long l = new Random(1000).nextLong();
16 try {
17 Thread.sleep(l);
18 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
19 e.printStackTrace();
20 }
21 }
22 }
3.4 消费者4的代码实现:
1 package com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.consumer;
2 import com.qfedu.springbootmq.sequence.message.MessageInfo;
3 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
4 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
6 import java.util.Random;
7
8 @Component
9 @RabbitListener(queues = "q_seq2")
10 public class Consumer22 {
11 @RabbitHandler
12 public void onMessage(MessageInfo message) {
13 System.out.println("c22:" + message.getId() + ":" + message.getMsg());
14 // 随机休眠
15 long l = new Random(1000).nextLong();
16 try {
17 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(l);
18 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
19 e.printStackTrace();
20 }
21 }
22 }
4.
测试
发送4个消息模拟顺序消费的消息,id为1和3的发送到⼀个队列,id为2和4的发送到另⼀个队列。
1 @Test
2 public void testSeq() {
3 for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
4 producerSeq.send(i, "hello" + i);
5 }
6 try {
7 Thread.sleep(2000);
8 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
9 e.printStackTrace();
10 }
11 }
从结果中可以看到,虽然⼀个队列配置了两个消费者,但是每对顺序消息只有⼀个消费者顺序消费。