利用rand5构造rand7

Given a function which produces a random integer in the range 1 to 5, write a function which produces a random integer in the range 1 to 7.

1. What is a simple solution?
2. What is an effective solution to reduce memory usage or run on a slower CPU?

 

stackoverflow上的讨论：

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/137783/given-a-function-which-produces-a-random-integer-in-the-range-1-to-5-write-a-fun

 其中的两段代码如下：（算法是一样的）

int i; do { i = 5 * (rand5() - 1) + rand5(); // i is now uniformly random between 1 and 25 } while(i > 21); // i is now uniformly random between 1 and 21 return i % 7 + 1; // result is now uniformly random between 1 and 7

int rand7() { int vals[5][5] = { { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, { 6, 7, 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6, 7, 1 }, { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, { 7, 0, 0, 0, 0 } }; int result = 0; while (result == 0) { int i = rand5(); int j = rand5(); result = vals[i-1][j-1]; } return result; }

 

算法描述：

概率计算

 

p(i)表示rand7的概率，3/25表示25个数中有3个i，4/25表示有4个0，n表示代码中循环执行到n+1次才随机出数i。

泛化1

可将上述概率计算中部分量进行替换

定义：i的个数y,0的个数5^x-y*7，以及随即数总数5^x(以上特殊情况为y=3,x=2)

条件：y*7<5^x

得到泛化的表示方式

泛化2

上述泛化依然是rand5改成rand7

此泛化为rand5改成randm。