Java 格式字符串的使用

所期望用法的示例：

   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
   // Send all output to the Appendable object sb
   Formatter formatter = new Formatter(sb, Locale.US);

   // Explicit argument indices may be used to re-order output.
   formatter.format("%4$2s %3$2s %2$2s %1$2s", "a", "b", "c", "d")
   // -> " d  c  b  a"

   // Optional locale as the first argument can be used to get
   // locale-specific formatting of numbers.  The precision and width can be
   // given to round and align the value.
   formatter.format(Locale.FRANCE, "e = %+10.4f", Math.E);
   // -> "e =    +2,7183"

   // The '(' numeric flag may be used to format negative numbers with
   // parentheses rather than a minus sign.  Group separators are
   // automatically inserted.
   formatter.format("Amount gained or lost since last statement: $ %(,.2f",
                    balanceDelta);
   // -> "Amount gained or lost since last statement: $ (6,217.58)"
 

常见格式化请求的便捷方法是按照如下调用格式来阐明的：

   // Writes a formatted string to System.out.
   System.out.format("Local time: %tT", Calendar.getInstance());
   // -> "Local time: 13:34:18"

   // Writes formatted output to System.err.
   System.err.printf("Unable to open file '%1$s': %2$s",
                     fileName, exception.getMessage());
   // -> "Unable to open file 'food': No such file or directory"
 

与 C 语言的 sprintf(3) 类似，可以使用静态方法 String#format(String,Object...)String.format 来格式化 Strings：

   // Format a string containing a date.
   import java.util.Calendar;
   import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
   import static java.util.Calendar.*;

   Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar(1995, MAY, 23);
   String s = String.format("Duke's Birthday: %1$tm %1$te,%1$tY", c);
   // -> s == "Duke's Birthday: May 23, 1995"