android 7.0 + 相机拍照 FileUriExposedException

这个异常只会在android 7.0 + 出现，当app使用file:// url 共享给其他app时， 会抛出这个异常。

因为在android 6.0 + 权限需要 在运行时候检查， 其他app 可能没有读写文件的权限， 所以google在7.0的时候加上了这个限制。

官方推荐使用 FileProvider 解决这个问题。
下面我们来看看具体实现步骤。

在manifest.xml文件添加provider，相机，读写文件权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
<application>
   ...
   <provider
        android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
        android:authorities="com.example.android.fileprovider"
        android:exported="false"
        android:grantUriPermissions="true">
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/file_paths"></meta-data>
    </provider>
    ...
</application>

注意 android:authorities 里面的值，在后面使用的getUriForFile(Context, String, File) 中， 第二个参数就是这个里面的值。

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编写file_paths.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path name="my_images" path="images/"/>
</paths>

paths里面文件的一些可配置选项

<files-path name="name" path="path" /> //相当 Context.getFilesDir() + path, name是分享url的一部分

<cache-path name="name" path="path" /> //getCacheDir()

<external-path name="name" path="path" /> //Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()

<external-files-path name="name" path="path" />//getExternalFilesDir(String) Context.getExternalFilesDir(null)

<external-cache-path name="name" path="path" /> //Context.getExternalCacheDir()              

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编写相机获取图片activity ： FileProviderActivity

package eebochina.com.testtechniques.fileProvider;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ClipData;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.List;

import eebochina.com.testtechniques.R;

public class FileProviderActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button mButton;
    private ImageView mImageView;
    private Uri contentUri;
    private File newFile;
    private Activity activity;
    private final int NEED_CAMERA = 200;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_file_provider);

        activity = this;
        mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.file_btn);
        mImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.file_show);

        mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //检测是否有相机和读写文件权限
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                        || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    activity.requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, NEED_CAMERA);
                } else {
                    startCamera();
                }

            }
        });

    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
                                           int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case NEED_CAMERA:
                // 如果权限被拒绝，grantResults 为空
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    startCamera();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(activity, "改功能需要相机和读写文件权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;

        }
    }

    /**
     * 打开相机获取图片
     */
    private void startCamera() {
        File imagePath = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "images");
        if (!imagePath.exists()) imagePath.mkdirs();
        newFile = new File(imagePath, "default_image.jpg");

        //第二参数是在manifest.xml定义 provider的authorities属性
        contentUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.android.fileprovider", newFile);

        Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        //兼容版本处理，因为 intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION) 只在5.0以上的版本有效
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
            ClipData clip =
                    ClipData.newUri(getContentResolver(), "A photo", contentUri);
            intent.setClipData(clip);
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
        } else {
            List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList =
                    getPackageManager()
                            .queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
            for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
                String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
                grantUriPermission(packageName, contentUri,
                        Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
            }
        }
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, contentUri);
        startActivityForResult(intent, 1000);
    }


    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            ContentResolver contentProvider = getContentResolver();
            ParcelFileDescriptor mInputPFD;
            try {
                //获取contentProvider图片
                mInputPFD = contentProvider.openFileDescriptor(contentUri, "r");
                FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = mInputPFD.getFileDescriptor();
                mImageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor));
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
    }
}

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