SQL面试题练习 —— 查询每个产品每年总销售额

夏木夕

于 2024-06-28 10:57:27 发布

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分类专栏： SQL 文章标签： sql 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hu_wei123/article/details/140034394

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1 题目

已知有表 t_product_sales 如下，记录了每个产品id、产品名称、产品销售开始日期、产品销售结束日期以及产品日均销售金额，请计算出每个产品每年的销售金额。

样例数据

+-------------+---------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| product_id  | product_name  |     period_start     |      period_end      | average_daily_sales  |
+-------------+---------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1           | LC Phone      | 2019-01-25 00:00:00  | 2019-02-28 00:00:00  | 100                  |
| 2           | LC T-Shirt    | 2018-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-01 00:00:00  | 10                   |
| 3           | LC Keychain   | 2019-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-31 00:00:00  | 1                    |
+-------------+---------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

期望结果

+------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| product_id | product_name | report_year | total_amount |
+------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| 1          | LC Phone     |    2019     | 3500         |
| 2          | LC T-Shirt   |    2018     | 310          |
| 2          | LC T-Shirt   |    2019     | 3650         |
| 2          | LC T-Shirt   |    2020     | 10           |
| 3          | LC Keychain  |    2019     | 31           |
| 3          | LC Keychain  |    2020     | 31           |
+------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+

2 建表语句

--建表语句
create table if not exists t_product_sales
(
    product_id          bigint,
    product_name        string,
    period_start        string,
    period_end          string,
    average_daily_sales bigint
)
    ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
        FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
    STORED AS orc;

--插入数据

insert into t_product_sales(product_id, product_name, period_start, period_end, average_daily_sales)
values (1, 'LC Phone', '2019-01-25 00:00:00', '2019-02-28 00:00:00', 100),
       (2, 'LC T-Shirt', '2018-12-01 00:00:00', '2020-01-01 00:00:00', 10),
       (3, 'LC Keychain', '2019-12-01 00:00:00', '2020-01-31 00:00:00', 1);

3 题解

（1）构建年份维表

with dim_year as (select '2018' as year, '2018-01-01' as year_first_day, '2018-12-31' as year_end_day
                  union all
                  select '2019' as year, '2019-01-01' as year_first_day, '2019-12-31' as year_end_day
                  union all
                  select '2020' as year, '2020-01-01' as year_first_day, '2020-12-31' as year_end_day)
select year,year_first_day,year_end_day from dim_year

执行结果

+-------+-----------------+---------------+
| year  | year_first_day  | year_end_day  |
+-------+-----------------+---------------+
| 2018  | 2018-01-01      | 2018-12-31    |
| 2019  | 2019-01-01      | 2019-12-31    |
| 2020  | 2020-01-01      | 2020-12-31    |
+-------+-----------------+---------------+

（2）年份维表与原始数据进行关联

把原始数据与年份维表进行笛卡尔积，得到每年与原始数据的一个交叉值。

# 这一设置的含义是关闭Hive中的笛卡尔积严格检查。
# 具体来说，Hive默认情况下不允许生成笛卡尔积（即两个没有连接条件的表的笛卡尔积），
# 因为笛卡尔积通常会生成非常大的结果集，可能会导致性能问题或资源耗尽。
# 通过将这个设置设为false，你可以禁用这种严格检查，从而允许在查询中生成笛卡尔积。

set hive.strict.checks.cartesian.product = false;
with dim_year as (select '2018' as year, '2018-01-01' as year_first_day, '2018-12-31' as year_end_day
                  union all
                  select '2019' as year, '2019-01-01' as year_first_day, '2019-12-31' as year_end_day
                  union all
                  select '2020' as year, '2020-01-01' as year_first_day, '2020-12-31' as year_end_day)
select
    product_id,
    product_name,
    period_start,
    period_end,
    average_daily_sales,
    year,
    year_first_day,
    year_end_day
from t_product_sales
left join dim_year

执行结果

+-------------+---------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+-------+-----------------+---------------+
| product_id  | product_name  |     period_start     |      period_end      | average_daily_sales  | year  | year_first_day  | year_end_day  |
+-------------+---------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+-------+-----------------+---------------+
| 1           | LC Phone      | 2019-01-25 00:00:00  | 2019-02-28 00:00:00  | 100                  | 2019  | 2019-01-01      | 2019-12-31    |
| 1           | LC Phone      | 2019-01-25 00:00:00  | 2019-02-28 00:00:00  | 100                  | 2020  | 2020-01-01      | 2020-12-31    |
| 1           | LC Phone      | 2019-01-25 00:00:00  | 2019-02-28 00:00:00  | 100                  | 2018  | 2018-01-01      | 2018-12-31    |
| 2           | LC T-Shirt    | 2018-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-01 00:00:00  | 10                   | 2019  | 2019-01-01      | 2019-12-31    |
| 2           | LC T-Shirt    | 2018-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-01 00:00:00  | 10                   | 2020  | 2020-01-01      | 2020-12-31    |
| 2           | LC T-Shirt    | 2018-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-01 00:00:00  | 10                   | 2018  | 2018-01-01      | 2018-12-31    |
| 3           | LC Keychain   | 2019-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-31 00:00:00  | 1                    | 2019  | 2019-01-01      | 2019-12-31    |
| 3           | LC Keychain   | 2019-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-31 00:00:00  | 1                    | 2020  | 2020-01-01      | 2020-12-31    |
| 3           | LC Keychain   | 2019-12-01 00:00:00  | 2020-01-31 00:00:00  | 1                    | 2018  | 2018-01-01      | 2018-12-31    |
+-------------+---------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+-------+-----------------+---------------+

（3）计算每年每个产品在售天数，计算年销售额

我们先观察2中的结果，可以看到原始记录中每行数据都与所有年都有一行记录。我们从销售日期和每年开始日期中取较大日期得到一个开始时间，然后从销售截止日期和每年的结束日期取较小日期得到一个结束日期，然后用结束日期减去开始日期。

with dim_year as (select '2018' as year, '2018-01-01' as year_first_day, '2018-12-31' as year_end_day
                  union all
                  select '2019' as year, '2019-01-01' as year_first_day, '2019-12-31' as year_end_day
                  union all
                  select '2020' as year, '2020-01-01' as year_first_day, '2020-12-31' as year_end_day),
     tmp as (select product_id
                  , product_name
                  , period_start
                  , period_end
                  , average_daily_sales
                  , year
                  , year_first_day
                  , year_end_day
                  , datediff(if(to_date(period_end)
                                    > to_date(year_end_day)
                                 , to_date(year_end_day)
                                 , to_date(period_end))
             , if(to_date(period_start)
                      > to_date(year_first_day)
                                 , to_date(period_start)
                                 , to_date(year_first_day))) as date_diff
             from t_product_sales
                      left join dim_year)
select product_id,
       product_name,
       year,
       (date_diff + 1) * average_daily_sales as total_amount
from tmp
where date_diff >= 0

执行结果

+-------------+---------------+-------+---------------+
| product_id  | product_name  | year  | total_amount  |
+-------------+---------------+-------+---------------+
| 1           | LC Phone      | 2019  | 3500          |
| 2           | LC T-Shirt    | 2018  | 310           |
| 2           | LC T-Shirt    | 2019  | 3650          |
| 2           | LC T-Shirt    | 2020  | 10            |
| 3           | LC Keychain   | 2019  | 31            |
| 3           | LC Keychain   | 2020  | 31            |
+-------------+---------------+-------+---------------+

只有在当年有销售时间的数据date_diff >=0，如果在当年没有销售时间，则date_diff为负。但是这个date_diff 的值比预期小1，这是因为我们算了日期差，所以我们在结果上+1即可。