Linux 死锁例子

死锁是在编写多线程并发时候所需要考虑的问题，在多线程软件使用多个互斥锁来保护共享资源时，如果设计不合理会出现多个锁相互嵌套并且都在等待彼此的锁被释放，这样就会出现死锁现象，让系统挂起一直相互等待下去。下面给个例子说明这一现象：

/*  头文件 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>

pthread_mutex_t mutex_one,mutex_two;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t cond;

void *thread_routine_one(void *arg)
{
	pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex);//确保two线程先运行

	printf("thread_routine_one: lock mutex_one!\n");
	pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_one);

	printf("thread_routine_one: lock mutex_two!\n");
	pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_two);//获取two锁，这个要等待two线程对two锁的释放

	sleep(1);
	printf("thread_routine_one: unlock mutex_two!\n");
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_two);

	printf("thread_routine_one: unlock mutex_one!\n");
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_one);

	return NULL;
}

void *thread_routine_two(void *arg)
{
	printf("thread_routine_two: lock mutex_two!\n");
	pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_two);//获取two锁
	pthread_cond_signal(&cond);//让one线程运行
	sleep(1);//休眠，让one可以先运行获取one锁

	printf("thread_routine_two: lock mutex_one!\n");

	pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_one);//获取one锁，这个同样必须等待one线程多one锁的释放

	/**这时出现死锁现象了，在two线程要等待one线程对one锁的释放，同时two锁没有释放
	 * 然而在one线程需要等待two线程对two锁的释放，然后才会对one锁的释放！出现相互等待的过程**/

	printf("thread_routine_two: unlock mutex_one!\n");
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_one);

	printf("thread_routine_two: unlock mutex_two!\n");
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_two);

	return NULL;
}

void main()
{
	pthread_t pthread_one,pthread_two;

	pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_one,NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_two,NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
	pthread_cond_init(&cond,NULL);

	pthread_create(&pthread_one,NULL,thread_routine_one,NULL);
	pthread_create(&pthread_two,NULL,thread_routine_two,NULL);

	while(1)
		sleep(1);
}