EhCache使用入门

EhCache 是一个纯Java的进程内缓存框架，具有快速、精干等特点，是Hibernate中默认的CacheProvider。与深受大众喜爱的redis相比，因为它直接在jvm虚拟机中存储，具有速度快，效率高以及多种缓存策略等优点，但如果是分布式应用redis会更优。

EhCache的使用很简单，下面就以一个例子来说明怎么在项目中使用它。

1.引入maven依赖

<dependency>
   <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
    <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.2</version>
 </dependency>

2.使用的是和spring集成，要添加spring的相关依赖
applicationContext-ehcache.xml 如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd"
       default-lazy-init="true">

    <description>Ehcache配置文件</description>

    <bean id="ehCacheManagerFactory"
        class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:conf/cache/ehcache.xml"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置cache manager -->
    <bean id="cacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheCacheManager">
        <property name="cacheManager" ref="ehCacheManagerFactory" />
    </bean>
    <cache:annotation-driven />     

</beans>

3.ehcache的缓存配置信息，ehcache.xml

<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd"
    updateCheck="false" monitoring="autodetect" dynamicConfig="true">
    <diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir" />
    <defaultCache 
        maxElementsInMemory="100"
        eternal="false" 
        timeToIdleSeconds="120" 
        timeToLiveSeconds="0"
        overflowToDisk="false" 
        diskPersistent="false"
        diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120" 
        memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" />

    <cache
            name="cacheName"
            maxElementsInMemory="500"
            eternal="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="86400"
            timeToLiveSeconds="86400"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" />
</ehcache>

下面模拟第一次从DB获取，然后塞入缓存，第二次从缓存拿到

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
        Resource resource = ctx.getResource("classpath:/conf/cache/ehcache.xml");
        CacheManager cacheManager = EhCacheManagerUtils.buildCacheManager("default", resource);
        Cache cache = cacheManager.getCache("cacheName");
        Element element = cache.get("cacheKey");
        if(element == null){
            LOG.info("第一次缓存没有");
            Map<String, String> newMap = new HashMap<>();
            newMap.put("name", "科比");
            Element element1 = new Element("cacheKey", newMap);
            cache.put(element1);
        }

        new LoyaltyBusinessService().getFromCache(cacheManager);
    }

    public void getFromCache(CacheManager cacheManager){
        Cache cache = cacheManager.getCache("cacheName");
        Element element = cache.get("cacheKey");
        if(element != null){
            Map<String, String> fromMap = (Map<String, String>) element.getObjectValue();
            LOG.info("第二次从缓存拿到了{}", fromMap.get("name"));
        }
    }

运行结果如下图：