查询按功能强弱可以分为以下几种:
Native SQL > HQL > EJBQL > QBC > QBE

1、Native SQL
Native SQL为数据库系统本身的SQL,里面包含了一些特有的函数等,功能也最为强大。
如:

1 @Test
2 public void testHQL_34() {
3 Session session = sf.openSession();
4 session.beginTransaction();
5 //下面查询使用的函数是Session的createSQLQuery
6 SQLQuery q = session.createSQLQuery("select * from category limit 2,4").addEntity(Category.class);
7 List<Category> categories = (List<Category>)q.list();
8 for(Category c : categories) {
9 System.out.println(c.getName());
10 }

11 session.getTransaction().commit();
12 session.close();
13
14 }
2、HQL
Hibernate提供的面向对象查询语言。
如:
1 @Test
2 public void testHQL_02() {
3 Session session = sf.openSession();
4 session.beginTransaction();
5 //Category是对象名而不是数据表名
6 Query q = session.createQuery("from Category c where c.name > 'c5'");
7 List<Category> categories = (List<Category>)q.list();
8 for(Category c : categories) {
9 System.out.println(c.getName());
10 }

11 session.getTransaction().commit();
12 session.close();
13
14 }
3、EJBQL
与HQL类似,是HQL的一个子集

4、QBC
Query By Criteria,即带约束/条件的查询
如:
1 @Test
2 public void testQBC() {
3 Session session = sf.openSession();
4 session.beginTransaction();
5 //criterion 标准/准则/约束
6 Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Topic.class) //from Topic
7
8 .add(Restrictions.gt("id", 2)) //greater than = id > 2
9 .add(Restrictions.lt("id", 8)) //little than = id < 8
10 .add(Restrictions.like("title", "t_"))
11 .createCriteria("category")
12 .add(Restrictions.between("id", 3, 5)) //category.id >= 3 and category.id <=5
13 ;
14
15 //DetachedCriterea
16 for(Object o : c.list()) {
17 Topic t = (Topic)o;
18 System.out.println(t.getId() + "-" + t.getTitle());
19 }

20 session.getTransaction().commit();
21 session.close();
22
23 }
5、QBE
Query By Example
如:
1 @Test
2 public void testQBE() {
3 Session session = sf.openSession();
4 session.beginTransaction();
5 Topic tExample = new Topic();
6 tExample.setTitle("T_");
7
8 //创建一个例子对象,然后设置其相应的属性
9 //QBE仅适合于给特定值的查询
10 Example e = Example.create(tExample)
11 .ignoreCase().enableLike();
12 //QBC除了添加自己的条件,最后将例子对象e也当成条件添加进来
13 //QBC可以添加给特定值的条件,也可添加给了一定范围的条件
14 Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Topic.class)
15 .add(Restrictions.gt("id", 2))
16 .add(Restrictions.lt("id", 8))
17 .add(e)
18 ;
19 //from Topic t where t.id>2 and t.id<8 and t.title like 'T_'
20
21
22 for(Object o : c.list()) {
23 Topic t = (Topic)o;
24 System.out.println(t.getId() + "-" + t.getTitle());
25 }

26 session.getTransaction().commit();
27 session.close();
28
29 }

以上几种方法,其中QBC、QBE更加符合面向对象编程(仅此而已)。