在.net中,可以添加Web 引用来添加WebService,但是这种方法的缺陷是当WebService内的方法一变动,引用的系统这边就必须更新引用,重新编译,再发布,是不是很麻烦?也未可预知?
那么就使用动态调用WebService吧!
第1种,具体步骤:
1. 从目标 URL 下载 WSDL 数据。
2. 使用 ServiceDescription 创建和格式化 WSDL 文档文件。
3. 使用 ServiceDescriptionImporter 创建客户端代理类。
4. 使用 CodeDom 动态创建客户端代理类程序集。
5. 利用反射调用相关 WebService 方法。
代码如下:
/// <summary>
/// 在.Net环境 下,最常用的方法就是采用代理类来调用WebService,可以通过改变代理类的Url属性来实现动态调用,
/// 但当xmlns改变时就会出错,似乎要重新 绑定Webservice并重新编译后才能再次运行。
/// 此法子是一种动态编译并动态调用WebService的方式,这种方法效率低,而且需要有较高 的权限,否则编译失败。
/// 此法子的缺陷。。。。。都是泪啊。。。多线程下运行第二次就报错:无法从命名空间“****”导入绑定“SyncToContractDataCenterSoap”
/// </summary>
public class WebServiceHelper2
{
#region InvokeWebService
//动态调用web服务
public object InvokeWebService(string url, string methodname, object[] args)
{
return InvokeWebService(url, null, methodname, args);
}
public object InvokeWebService(string url, string classname, string methodname, object[] args)
{
string @namespace = "TransactionDataSync.Common";
if ((classname == null) || (classname == ""))
{
classname = GetWsClassName(url);
}
try
{
//获取WSDL
WebClient wc = new WebClient();
Stream stream = wc.OpenRead(url + "?wsdl");
ServiceDescription sd = ServiceDescription.Read(stream);
ServiceDescriptionImporter sdi = new ServiceDescriptionImporter();
sdi.AddServiceDescription(sd, "", "");
CodeNamespace cn = new CodeNamespace(@namespace);
//生成客户端代理类代码
CodeCompileUnit ccu = new CodeCompileUnit();
ccu.Namespaces.Add(cn);
sdi.Import(cn, ccu);
// CSharpCodeProvider csc = new CSharpCodeProvider();
// ICodeCompiler icc = csc.CreateCompiler();
CodeDomProvider provider = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp");
//设定编译参数
CompilerParameters cplist = new CompilerParameters();
cplist.GenerateExecutable = false;
cplist.GenerateInMemory = true;
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.XML.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.Services.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Data.dll");
//编译代理类
CompilerResults cr = provider.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
// CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
if (true == cr.Errors.HasErrors)
{
System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
foreach (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError ce in cr.Errors)
{
sb.Append(ce.ToString());
sb.Append(System.Environment.NewLine);
}
throw new Exception(sb.ToString());
}
//生成代理实例,并调用方法
System.Reflection.Assembly assembly = cr.CompiledAssembly;
Type t = assembly.GetType(@namespace + "." + classname, true, true);
object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
System.Reflection.MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod(methodname);
return mi.Invoke(obj, args);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Logger.Error(string.Format("{0} {1} {2} {3}", url, methodname, ex.Message, ex.StackTrace));
throw new Exception(ex.InnerException.Message, new Exception(ex.InnerException.StackTrace));
}
}
public object CreateWebServiceInstance(string url, string packageName, out Type t)
{
return CreateWebServiceInstance(url, null,packageName, out t);
}
public object CreateWebServiceInstance(string url, string classname,string packageName,out Type t)
{
string @namespace = "TransactionDataSync.Common."+packageName;
if ((classname == null) || (classname == ""))
{
classname = GetWsClassName(url);
}
Stream stream = null;
try
{
//获取WSDL
WebClient wc = new WebClient();
stream = wc.OpenRead(url + "?WSDL");
ServiceDescription sd = ServiceDescription.Read(stream);
ServiceDescriptionImporter sdi = new ServiceDescriptionImporter();
sdi.AddServiceDescription(sd, "", "");
CodeNamespace cn = new CodeNamespace(@namespace);
//生成客户端代理类代码
CodeCompileUnit ccu = new CodeCompileUnit();
ccu.Namespaces.Add(cn);
sdi.Import(cn, ccu);
// CSharpCodeProvider csc = new CSharpCodeProvider();
// ICodeCompiler icc = csc.CreateCompiler();
CodeDomProvider provider = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp");
//设定编译参数
CompilerParameters cplist = new CompilerParameters();
cplist.GenerateExecutable = false;
cplist.GenerateInMemory = true;
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.XML.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.Services.dll");
cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Data.dll");
//编译代理类
CompilerResults cr = provider.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
// CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
if (true == cr.Errors.HasErrors)
{
System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
foreach (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError ce in cr.Errors)
{
sb.Append(ce.ToString());
sb.Append(System.Environment.NewLine);
}
throw new Exception(sb.ToString());
}
//生成代理实例
System.Reflection.Assembly assembly = cr.CompiledAssembly;
t = assembly.GetType(@namespace + "." + classname, true, true);
object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
return obj;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Logger.Error(string.Format("{0} {1} {2}", url, ex.Message, ex.StackTrace));
if(stream!=null)
{
stream.Close();
stream.Dispose();
}
throw ex;
}
}
public object InvokeMethod(object obj, Type t, string methodname, object[] args)
{
try
{
System.Reflection.MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod(methodname);
return mi.Invoke(obj, args);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Logger.Error(string.Format("{0} {1} {2}", methodname, ex.Message, ex.StackTrace));
throw ex;
}
}
private string GetWsClassName(string wsUrl)
{
string[] parts = wsUrl.Split('/');
string[] pps = parts[parts.Length - 1].Split('.');
return pps[0];
}
#endregion
调用时的代码:
object instance = WebServiceHelper2.CreateWebServiceInstance(addr.Url,name, out t);
DataSet dsContract = WebServiceHelper2.InvokeMethod(instance, t, "GetContractData", new object[]{authorizationCode}) as DataSet;
缺陷:
- 每次调用WebService,都需要动态创建客户端代理类程序集,然后利用反射去调用方法,每次都这样啊,是不是很耗性能?特别是后台服务中调WebService,1小时运行一次,是不是很无语。。。。
- 正常情况下,调一个WebService是不成问题的,可是在多线程下,每个线程调一个WebService(都是不同URL的WebService),只有在编译后调第一遍是正常的,再调就报错啊,无法从命名空间“****”导入绑定“SyncToContractDataCenterSoap”,或者是调用目标异常,坑爹啊
第2种动态调用的法子:利用WebRequest/WebResponse进行WebService调用的类
动态调用的类如下:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace TransactionDataSync.Common
{
/// <summary>
/// 利用WebRequest/WebResponse进行WebService调用的类
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// 作成者:cyf
/// </remarks>
public class WebServiceCaller
{
//缓存xmlNamespace,避免重复调用GetNamespace
private static Hashtable XML_NAMESPACE = new Hashtable();
/// <summary>
/// 通过SOAP协议动态调用webservice
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"> webservice地址</param>
/// <param name="methodName"> 调用方法名</param>
/// <param name="pars"> 参数表</param>
/// <returns> 结果集xml</returns>
public static XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars)
{
if (XML_NAMESPACE.ContainsKey(url))
{ // 名字空间在缓存中存在时,读取缓存,然后执行调用
return QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars, XML_NAMESPACE[url].ToString());
}
else
{
// 名字空间不存在时直接从wsdl的请求中读取名字空间,然后执行调用
return QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars, GetNamespace(url));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 通过SOAP协议动态调用webservice
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"> webservice地址</param>
/// <param name="methodName"> 调用方法名</param>
/// <param name="pars"> 参数表</param>
/// <param name="xmlNs"> 名字空间</param>
/// <returns> 结果集</returns>
private static XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars, string xmlNs)
{
XML_NAMESPACE[url] = xmlNs;//加入缓存,提高效率
// 获取请求对象
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
// 设置请求head
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
request.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", "\"" + xmlNs + (xmlNs.EndsWith("/") ? "" : "/") + methodName + "\"");
// 设置请求身份
SetWebRequest(request);
// 获取soap协议
byte[] data = EncodeParsToSoap(pars, xmlNs, methodName);
// 将soap协议写入请求
WriteRequestData(request, data);
XmlDocument returnDoc = new XmlDocument();
XmlDocument returnValueDoc = new XmlDocument();
// 读取服务端响应
returnDoc = ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());
XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(returnDoc.NameTable);
mgr.AddNamespace("soap", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
// 返回结果
string RetXml= returnDoc.SelectSingleNode("//soap:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml;
returnValueDoc.LoadXml("<root>" + RetXml + "</root>");
AddDelaration(returnValueDoc);
/* System.Data.DataSet ds = new System.Data.DataSet();
XmlNodeReader reader = new XmlNodeReader(returnValueDoc);
ds.ReadXml(reader);*/
// return returnValueDoc.OuterXml;
return returnValueDoc;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取wsdl中的名字空间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"> wsdl地址</param>
/// <returns> 名字空间</returns>
private static string GetNamespace(String url)
{
// 创建wsdl请求对象,并从中读取名字空间
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url + "?WSDL");
SetWebRequest(request);
WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(sr.ReadToEnd());
sr.Close();
return doc.SelectSingleNode("//@targetNamespace").Value;
}
/// <summary>
/// 加入soapheader节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="doc"> soap文档</param>
private static void InitSoapHeader(XmlDocument doc)
{
// 添加soapheader节点
XmlElement soapHeader = doc.CreateElement("soap", "Header", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
//XmlElement soapId = doc.CreateElement("userid");
//soapId.InnerText = ID;
//XmlElement soapPwd = doc.CreateElement("userpwd");
//soapPwd.InnerText = PWD;
//soapHeader.AppendChild(soapId);
//soapHeader.AppendChild(soapPwd);
doc.ChildNodes[0].AppendChild(soapHeader);
}
/// <summary>
/// 将以字节数组的形式返回soap协议
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pars"> 参数表</param>
/// <param name="xmlNs"> 名字空间</param>
/// <param name="methodName"> 方法名</param>
/// <returns> 字节数组</returns>
private static byte[] EncodeParsToSoap(Hashtable pars, String xmlNs, String methodName)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
// 构建soap文档
doc.LoadXml("<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance/\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\"></soap:Envelope>");
// 加入soapbody节点
InitSoapHeader(doc);
// 创建soapbody节点
XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap", "Body", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
// 根据要调用的方法创建一个方法节点
XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(methodName);
soapMethod.SetAttribute("xmlns", xmlNs);
// 遍历参数表中的参数键
foreach (string key in pars.Keys)
{
// 根据参数表中的键值对,生成一个参数节点,并加入方法节点内
XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(key);
soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(pars[key]);
soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
}
// soapbody节点中加入方法节点
soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
// soap文档中加入soapbody节点
doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
// 添加声明
AddDelaration(doc);
// 传入的参数有DataSet类型,必须在序列化后的XML中的diffgr:diffgram/NewDataSet节点加xmlns='' 否则无法取到每行的记录。
XmlNode node = doc.DocumentElement.SelectSingleNode("//NewDataSet");
if (node != null)
{
XmlAttribute attr = doc.CreateAttribute("xmlns");
attr.InnerText = "";
node.Attributes.Append(attr);
}
// 以字节数组的形式返回soap文档
return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
}
/// <summary>
/// 将参数对象中的内容取出
/// </summary>
/// <param name="o">参数值对象</param>
/// <returns>字符型值对象</returns>
private static string ObjectToSoapXml(object o)
{
XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
mySerializer.Serialize(ms, o);
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()));
if (doc.DocumentElement != null)
{
return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml;
}
else
{
return o.ToString();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置请求身份
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request"> 请求</param>
private static void SetWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request)
{
request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
//request.Timeout = 10000;
}
/// <summary>
/// 将soap协议写入请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request"> 请求</param>
/// <param name="data"> soap协议</param>
private static void WriteRequestData(HttpWebRequest request, byte[] data)
{
request.ContentLength = data.Length;
Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
writer.Close();
}
/// <summary>
/// 将响应对象读取为xml对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="response"> 响应对象</param>
/// <returns> xml对象</returns>
private static XmlDocument ReadXmlResponse(WebResponse response)
{
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(retXml);
return doc;
}
/// <summary>
/// 给xml文档添加声明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="doc"> xml文档</param>
private static void AddDelaration(XmlDocument doc)
{
XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
doc.InsertBefore(decl, doc.DocumentElement);
}
public static String QuerySoapWebServiceString(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars)
{
XmlDocument doc = QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars);
return doc.InnerText;
}
public static DataSet QuerySoapWebServiceDataSet(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars)
{
XmlDocument doc = QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars);
System.Data.DataSet ds = new System.Data.DataSet();
using (XmlNodeReader reader = new XmlNodeReader(doc))
{
ds.ReadXml(reader);
}
return ds;
}
}
}
使用时的调用如下:
Hashtable htParms = new Hashtable();
htParms.Add("authorizationCode", authCode);
DataSet dsComm = WebServiceCaller.QuerySoapWebServiceDataSet(url, "GetReceivedCommissionData", htParms);
或者
DataSet dsSelected = new DataSet();
dsSelected.Tables.Add(dtSelected); //需要返回给业务系统的数据集,表示哪些数据已收集
Hashtable htParms = new Hashtable();
htParms.Add("authorizationCode", addr.AuthorizationCode);
htParms.Add("dsData", dtSelected);
string result = WebServiceCaller.QuerySoapWebServiceString(url, methodName, htParms);//传入的参数是一个String类型和一个DataSet类型
动态调用时用的是Soap协议的方式来请求的,而不是Http Post,因为当WebService中的方法传入参数中有DataSet类型,将无法用Http Post方式请求,只能用Soap。
在多线程中,同时调多个WebService,此种方法不会报错。因此我选择了它。。。。