insert append 操作的注意事项

昨晚做一个数据割接，将两张表的数据以 append 方式 插入到 A 表，割到一段时间之后，发现大量的TM 锁

HOLDER         SID        ID1        ID2      LMODE    REQUEST TYPE      CTIME      BLOCK    INST_ID
------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- ----------
holder:       2947     816780          0          6          0 TM           22          1          2
waiter        1120     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter         890     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter        1331     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter        1653     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter         345     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter         646     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter         730     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter        1136     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter        1731     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2
waiter        2711     816780          0          0          3 TM           22          0          2

问题原因：

insert /*+ append */ 时会对表加锁（排它锁），会阻塞表上的除了select以外所有DML语句；传统的DML在TM enqueue上使用模式3（row exclusive）， 其允许其他DML在相同的模式上获得TM enqueue。但是直接路径加载在TM enqueue使用模式6（exclusive），从下面截图中可以看出当时持锁者的mode 为 6， 这使其他DML在直接路径加载期间将被阻塞。 

下图是当时应用连接过来的会话对表 ord_t_item_repository 的 insert 操作

  JDBC Thin Client                                 16742                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16666                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35068                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35070                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35084                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16685                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 17239                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 17253                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35074                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35076                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16740                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16670                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16677                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16681                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  PROGRAM                                          SPID                     SQL_ID        SQL_TEXT1
- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ ------------- -------------------------------------------
  JDBC Thin Client                                 17094                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 17843                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16683                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16687                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16952                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  sqlplus@irora09s (TNS V1-V3)                     11233                    7qxp4ywv5xvtw insert /*+ append */         into ord_t_ite
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16664                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  plsqlDev.exe                                     45231                    6ph04820fdr0z select /*+use_nl(a,b,c)*/distinct a.sid,a.s
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35078                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35080                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 35082                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16738                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 16807                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T
  JDBC Thin Client                                 17257                    gp99rgyddj2h3 insert into ORD_T_ITEM_REPOSITORY(ORDERID,T

总结：

a、非归档模式下，只需append就能大量减少redo的产生；归档模式下，只有append+nologging才能大量减少redo。
b、insert /*+ append */ 时会对表加锁（排它锁），会阻塞表上的除了select以外所有DML语句；传统的DML在TM enqueue上使用模式3（row exclusive），其允许其他DML在相同的模式上获得TM enqueue。但是直接路径加载在TM enqueue使用模式6（exclusive），这使其他DML在直接路径加载期间将被阻塞。
c、insert /*+ append */ 直接路径加载，速度比常规加载方式快。因为是从HWM的位置开始插入，也许会造成空间浪费。