Executor接口:
public interface Executor { /** 在将来的某个时间执行给定的命令。 该命令可以在新线程、池线程或调用线程中执行,具体取决于 {@code Executor} 实现。 * Executes the given command at some time in the future. The command * may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, or in the calling * thread, at the discretion of the {@code Executor} implementation. * * @param command the runnable task * @throws RejectedExecutionException if this task cannot be * accepted for execution * @throws NullPointerException if command is null */ void execute(Runnable command); }
主要实现接口:
public interface ExecutorService extends Executor public class ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor implements ScheduledExecutorService public interface ScheduledExecutorService extends ExecutorService
了解下ExecutorService的几个常用方法:
//启动有序关闭,其中先前提交任务被执行,但不会接受任何新任务。如果已经关闭,调用没有额外的效果。
void shutdown();
//会返回线程执行完成的一个结果
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
//提交一个 Runnable 任务执行并返回一个 Future任务。将在线程执行完成后返回null。
Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
//提交一个 Runnable 任务执行并返回一个 Future 代表那个任务。将在线程成功完成后返 回给定的结果。
<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
在AbstractExecutorService类中有部分API接口实现
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value) {
return new FutureTask<T>(runnable, value);
}
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task, result);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
execute(ftask);
return ftask;
}
看上面的源码,发现他们在执行的时候都有用到 FutureTask这个类,接下来进入这个类,去查看具体用法:
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> {
此任务的运行状态,最初为 NEW。 运行状态仅在方法集中转换到终止状态,
设置异常,并取消。 在完成期间,状态可能会出现COMPLETING 的瞬态值(设置结果时)
或INTERRUPTING(仅在打断跑步者以满足取消(真))。 从这些中间到最终的过渡状态使用更便宜的有序/延迟写入,因为值是唯一的
并且不能进一步修改。
可能的状态转换:
NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL
NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL
NEW -> CANCELLED
NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED
private volatile int state;
private static final int NEW = 0;
private static final int COMPLETING = 1;
private static final int NORMAL = 2;
private static final int EXCEPTIONAL = 3;
private static final int CANCELLED = 4;
private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
private static final int INTERRUPTED = 6;//创建一个 {@code FutureTask},它将在运行时执行给定 {@code Callable}。
public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.callable = callable;
this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable
}//创建一个 {@code FutureTask},它将在运行时执行给定 {@code Runnable},并安排 {@code get} 将返回成功完成后给出结果。
public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable
}protected void set(V v) {
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
outcome = v;
UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, NORMAL); // final state
finishCompletion();
}
}public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
return report(s);
}public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
if (unit == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING &&
(s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)
throw new TimeoutException();
return report(s);
}public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
}
下面在看下这几个接口方法:
public interface Future<V> {
//尝试取消此任务的执行。 如果任务已经完成,已经被取消,则失败,或因其他原因无法取消。
如果成功,并且在调用方法时此任务尚未启动,这个任务永远不应该运行。
如果任务已经开始,然后 {@code mayInterruptIfRunning} 参数确定 执行这个任务的线程是否应该被中断,试图停止任务。
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
//如果此任务在完成之前被取消,则返回true
boolean isCancelled();
//如果此任务完成,则返回 {@code true}。
boolean isDone();
//如有必要,等待计算完成,然后检索其结果。
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
//如有必要,最多等待给定的计算时间完成,然后检索其结果(如果可用)。
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
/**
* 当使用实现接口 <code>Runnable</code> 的对象时创建线程,启动线程导致对象的 <code>run</code> 方法在单独执行时被调用
* The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
* take any action whatsoever.
*
* @see java.lang.Thread#run()
*/
public abstract void run();
}
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
/**
* Sets this Future to the result of its computation
* unless it has been cancelled.
*/
void run();
}