C++习题EasyString

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Question:

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This time, you need to create two function:

void Assign(char * & str, int & length); According to the length, allocate memory to str.
void AddTwo(string & res, char * & str1, char * & str2); Add str1 and str2, then assign the result to the res. More importantly, you need to handle str1 and str2 to guarantee that there would not happen memory problem.

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Sample input:

4 5
abcd
efghi

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Sample ouput:

abcd
efghi
abcdefghi

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StringMain.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "EasyString.hpp"

using namespace std;
int main() {
  int length;
  char* str0 = NULL, * str1= NULL;
  cin >> length;
  Assign(str0, length);
  cin >> length;
  Assign(str1, length);
  cin >> str0 >> str1;
  cout << str0 << endl << str1 << endl;
  string res = "";
  AddTwo(res, str0, str1);
  cout << res << endl;
}

EasyString.hpp

#ifndef EasyStr
#define EasyStr
#include <iostream>
using std::cin;
using std::string;
void Assign(char * &, int &);//此处的&是什么意义？
void AddTwo(string &, char * &, char * &);
#endif
/*reference引用运算符，可以改变实际传递过来的参数（谓实参），C标准不可用*/
/*定义一个string类型变量的引用，相当于给现有变量起个别名，与指针还是不一样的。比如string a;string& b=a;这两句，b与a实际上是一回事，表示的是同一块内存。*/
/*此处由于返回值类型为void，用&引用前面定义的res,str0,str1；若去掉&，则执行该函数之后res,str0,str1的值不会改变*/

EasyString.cpp*

#include "EasyString.hpp"
void Assign(char * &str, int &length){
  str = new char[length+1];
}
void AddTwo(string &res, char * &str0, char * &str1){
  res += str0;
  res += str1;
  delete [] str0;      //关于char* 的new和delete
  delete [] str1;
}

如何将char * 拷贝到 string

char* s="good boy";
string str=s;

或者

char s[20]="good boy";
string str=s;

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关于new 和 delete

在C中使用 malloc 和 free 来分配、释放内存
在C++中是使用 new 和 delete ,格式：
    类型名 * 指针 = new 类型名;
    delete 指针；
    e.g. char * str = new char;
              则  delete str;
    e.g. 对数组使用：
        char * str = new char[10]; //[]中填分配长度（数组长度）
              则  delete [] str;  // 注意不要漏掉[]