HeadFirstPython---------（四）第六章（定制数据对象__打包代码与数据）

1、

实现下面的效果：

代码如下：

import os
os.chdir("D:/pythontest/HeadFirstPython/chapter6");
def sanitize(time_string):
        if '-' in time_string:
            splitter='-';
            
        elif ':' in time_string:
            splitter=':';
        else:
            return(time_string);
        (mins,secs)=time_string.split(splitter);
        
        return (mins+'.'+secs);
def get_coach_data(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as f:
            data=f.readline();
        return(data.strip().split(','));
    except IOError as ioerr:
               print('File error:'+str(ioerr));
               return(None);
try:
    james=get_coach_data('james2.txt');
    julie=get_coach_data('julie2.txt');
    mikey=get_coach_data('mikey2.txt');
    sarah=get_coach_data('sarah2.txt');  
    
    (james_name,james_dob)=james.pop(0),james.pop(0);#
    (julie_name,julie_dob)=julie.pop(0),julie.pop(0);
    (mikey_name,mikey_dob)=mikey.pop(0),mikey.pop(0);
    (sarah_name,sarah_dob)=sarah.pop(0),sarah.pop(0);
    print(james_name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sorted(set([sanitize(time_string) for time_string in james]))[0:3]));
    print(julie_name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sorted(set([sanitize(time_string) for time_string in julie]))[0:3]));
    print(mikey_name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sorted(set([sanitize(time_string) for time_string in mikey]))[0:3]));
    print(sarah_name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sorted(set([sanitize(time_string) for time_string in sarah]))[0:3]));
except IOError as err:
    print("File error"+str(err));

2、改善，使用字典关联数据：

字典这是一个内置的数据结构（内置于Python中），允许将数据与键而不是数字关联。这样可以使内存中的数据与实际数据的结构保持一致。

代码如下：

sanitize1.py中的代码如下：

def sanitize(time_string):
        if '-' in time_string:
            splitter='-';
            
        elif ':' in time_string:
            splitter=':';
        else:
            return(time_string);
        (mins,secs)=time_string.split(splitter);
        
        return (mins+'.'+secs);

get_coach_data1.py中的代码如下

def get_coach_data(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as f:
            data=f.readline();
        return(data.strip().split(','));
    except IOError as ioerr:
               print('File error:'+str(ioerr));
               return(None);

read.py主程序代码如下：

import os

import sanitize1

import get_coach_data1
os.chdir("D:/pythontest/HeadFirstPython/chapter6");
try:
    james=get_coach_data1.get_coach_data('james2.txt');
    julie=get_coach_data1.get_coach_data('julie2.txt');
    mikey=gget_coach_data1.et_coach_data('mikey2.txt');
    sarah=get_coach_data1.get_coach_data('sarah2.txt');  

    #利用字典的表达形式
    james_data={};
    james_data['Name']=james.pop(0);
    james_data['DOB']=james.pop(0);
    james_data['Times']=james;                                                                 
    print(james_data['Name']+"'s fastest times are: "+str(sorted(set([sanitize1.sanitize(t)for t in james_data['Times']]))[0:3]));

    julie_data={};
    julie_data['Name']=julie.pop(0);
    julie_data['DOB']=julie.pop(0);
    julie_data['Times']=julie;                                                                 
    print(julie_data['Name']+"'s fastest times are: "+str(sorted(set([sanitize1.sanitize(t)for t in julie_data['Times']]))[0:3]));


    mikey_data={};
    mikey_data['Name']=mikey.pop(0);
    mikey_data['DOB']=mikey.pop(0);
    mikey_data['Times']=mikey;                                                                 
    print(mikey_data['Name']+"'s fastest times are: "+str(sorted(set([sanitize1.sanitize(t)for t in mikey_data['Times']]))[0:3]));
    
    sarah_data={};
    sarah_data['Name']=sarah.pop(0);
    sarah_data['DOB']=sarah.pop(0);
    sarah_data['Times']=sarah;
    print(sarah_data['Name']+"'s fastest times are: "+str(sorted(set([sanitize1.sanitize(t)for t in sarah_data['Times']]))[0:3]));

实验结果为：

3、对2中代码的进一步 的改善。（针对的是重复性代码）

sanitize1.py中的代码为：

import os
os.chdir("D:/pythontest/HeadFirstPython/chapter5");
def sanitize(time_string):
        if '-' in time_string:
            splitter='-';
            
        elif ':' in time_string:
            splitter=':';
        else:
            return(time_string);
        (mins,secs)=time_string.split(splitter);
        
        return (mins+'.'+secs);

get_coach_data1.py中的代码是：

import sanitize1
def get_coach_data(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as f:
            data=f.readline();
            templ=data.strip().split(',')
            name_data={};
            name_data['Name']=templ.pop(0);
            name_data['DOB']=templ.pop(0);
            name_data['Times']=str(sorted(set([sanitize1.sanitize(t) for t in templ]))[0:3]);                                                                 
            return name_data;
            
    except IOError as ioerr:
               print('File error:'+str(ioerr));
               return(None);

chapter6.py主程序的代码为：

import os
import get_coach_data1
os.chdir("D:/pythontest/HeadFirstPython/chapter6");

try:
    james=get_coach_data1.get_coach_data('james2.txt');
    julie=get_coach_data1.get_coach_data('julie2.txt');
    mikey=get_coach_data1.get_coach_data('mikey2.txt');
    sarah=get_coach_data1.get_coach_data('sarah2.txt');  

    
    print(james['Name']+"'s fastest times are:"+james['Times']);
    print(julie['Name']+"'s fastest times are:"+julie['Times']);
    print(mikey['Name']+"'s fastest times are:"+mikey['Times']);
    print(sarah['Name']+"'s fastest times are:"+sarah['Times']);
except IOError as err:
    print("File error"+str(err));

运行结果为：

4、类的应用：

代码如下：

import os

import sanitize1
os.chdir("D:/pythontest/HeadFirstPython/chapter6");
class Athlete:
    def __init__(self,a_name,a_dob=None,a_times=[]):
        self.name=a_name;
        self.dob=a_dob;
        self.times=a_times;
    def top3(self):
        return (sorted(set([sanitize1.sanitize(t) for t in self.times]))[0:3]);
def get_coach_data(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as f:
            data=f.readline();
            templ=data.strip().split(',')
                                                                             
            return (Athlete(templ.pop(0),templ.pop(0),templ));
            
    except IOError as ioerr:
               print('File error:'+str(ioerr));
               return(None);    
try:
    james=get_coach_data('james2.txt');
    julie=get_coach_data('julie2.txt');
    mikey=get_coach_data('mikey2.txt');
    sarah=get_coach_data('sarah2.txt');  

    
    print(james.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(james.top3()));
    print(julie.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(julie.top3()));
    print(mikey.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(mikey.top3()));
    print(sarah.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sarah.top3()));
except IOError as err:
    print("File error"+str(err));

运行结果为：

5、继承内置类的子类：

代码如下：

import os

os.chdir("D:/pythontest/HeadFirstPython/chapter6");

def sanitize(time_string):
    if '-' in time_string:
        splitter='-';
    elif ':' in time_string:
        splitter=':';
    else:
        return(time_string);
    (mins,secs)=time_string.split(splitter);
    return (mins+'.'+secs);

class AthleteList(list):
    def __init__(self,a_name,a_dob=None,a_times=[]):
        list.__init__([]);
        self.name=a_name;
        self.dob=a_dob;
        self.extend(a_times);
    def top3(self):
        return (sorted(set([sanitize(t) for t in self]))[0:3]);
def get_coach_data(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as f:
            data=f.readline();
            templ=data.strip().split(',');
            return (AthleteList(templ.pop(0),templ.pop(0),templ));
    except IOError as ioerr:
        print('File error:'+str(ioerr));
        return(None);
try:
    james=get_coach_data('james2.txt');
    julie=get_coach_data('julie2.txt');
    mikey=get_coach_data('mikey2.txt');
    sarah=get_coach_data('sarah2.txt');  

    
    print(james.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(james.top3()));
    print(julie.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(julie.top3()));
    print(mikey.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(mikey.top3()));
    print(sarah.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sarah.top3()));
except IOError as err:
    print("File error"+str(err));

运行结果为：