oracle RMAN备份与恢复

rman命令的使用

连接rman

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rlwrap rman target /          

把所有的信息输出到一个文件中

[oracle@hxy archivelog]$ rlwrap rman target / log '/home/oracle/backuplog/rman_log.txt'    

注意：使用rman备份，数据库必须运行在归档模式下

在rman中可以干的事

1.启动关闭数据库

[oracle@hxy archivelog]$ rlwrap rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Feb 22 16:48:44 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1334298584)
RMAN> shutdown immediate
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
database opened
Total System Global Area     314572800 bytes
Fixed Size                     1219160 bytes
Variable Size                100664744 bytes
Database Buffers             209715200 bytes
Redo Buffers                   2973696 bytes
RMAN> 

2.执行操作系统命令

RMAN> host;

[oracle@hxy archivelog]$ ls
1_32_806517848.dbf  1_33_806517848.dbf  1_34_806517848.dbf
[oracle@hxy archivelog]$ exit
exit
host command complete
RMAN> 

执行完操作系统命令后输入exit就退出到rman下

3.执行sql语句

RMAN> sql 'alter system archive log current';              //sql 单引号里名执行sql语句

sql statement: alter system archive log current                
RMAN> sql 'select sysdate from dual';                        //rman下面不能执行select语句，但不报错
sql statement: select sysdate from dual
RMAN> 

可以用下面的方法执行select，拐个弯

RMAN> host;

[oracle@hxy archivelog]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Feb 22 17:08:09 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
---------
22-FEB-13
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@hxy archivelog]$ exit
exit
host command complete
RMAN> 

两次exit退出到rman下

名词解释：

rman备份分为完全备份和增量备份

什么是完全备份？

完全备份就是备份数据库中的所有数据块

什么是增量备份？

增量备份分为差异增量和累计增量备份

其中，

差异增量就是备份