LoaderManager管理Activity或Fragment内部的一个或多个装载器实例，每个Activity或Fragment只有一个LoaderManager对象。
通常在Activity的onCreate()方法或Fragment的onActivityCreated()内初始化一个装载器，如：
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);1. 标识这个装载器的唯一ID，这个例子中ID是“0”；
2. 可选参数，它是给装载器提供的在构造时所需的参数，这个例子中是null；
3. 一个LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks的实现，LoaderManager会调用这个实现来报告装载器事件。在这个例子中，这个类实现了LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks接口，因此它把它自己（this）的引用传给了initLoader()方法。
initLoader()调用确保了装载器被初始化和激活。它有两种可能的结果：
1. 如果通过ID指定的装载器已经存在，那么最后被创建的装载器被重用。
2. 如果通过ID指定的装载器不存在，initLoader()方法会触发LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks的onCreateLoader()方法。这是你实现初始化代码的地方，并且返回一个新的装载器。关于更多的讨论，请看onCreateLoader()相关章节。
在这两种情况下，都给LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks实现了与装载器的关联，并且在装载器状态改变的时候，相关的回调方法会被调用。如果在调用的时点调用者是在被启动的状态，并且被请求的装载器已经存在且已经生成了相关的数据，那么系统会立即调用onLoadFinished()(在initLoader()方执行期间)，因此你必须为这种情况做好准备。对于这个回调的更多讨论，请看onloadFinished()回调。
注意：initLoader()方法返回一个被创建的Loader对象，但是你不需要获取关于这个对象的引用，因为LoaderManager对象自动的管理着装载器的生存。LoaderManager对象在需要的时候启动和终止装载器，并且保持着装载器的状态和相关匹配的内容。这就意味着，你很少直接跟装载器交互（虽然可以使用装载器方法微调装载器的行为，请参阅例子LoaderThrottle），大多数情况都是使用LoaderManagerLoaderCallbacks的回调方法在加载过程中发生特定事件时来进行干预。关于更多的讨论，可参阅使用LoaderManager回调方法（Using the LoaderManager Callbacks）
例子：LoaderThrottle.java
/*
* Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.example.android.apis.app;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.ListFragment;
import android.app.LoaderManager;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.CursorLoader;
import android.content.Loader;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.DatabaseUtils;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* Demonstration of bottom to top implementation of a content provider holding
* structured data through displaying it in the UI, using throttling to reduce
* the number of queries done when its data changes.
*/
public class LoaderThrottle extends Activity {
// Debugging.
static final String TAG = "LoaderThrottle";
/**
* The authority we use to get to our sample provider.
*/
public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.android.apis.app.LoaderThrottle";
/**
* Definition of the contract for the main table of our provider.
*/
public static final class MainTable implements BaseColumns {
// This class cannot be instantiated
private MainTable() {}
/**
* The table name offered by this provider
*/
public static final String TABLE_NAME = "main";
/**
* The content:// style URL for this table
*/
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/main");
/**
* The content URI base for a single row of data. Callers must
* append a numeric row id to this Uri to retrieve a row
*/
public static final Uri CONTENT_ID_URI_BASE
= Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/main/");
/**
* The MIME type of {@link #CONTENT_URI}.
*/
public static final String CONTENT_TYPE
= "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.example.api-demos-throttle";
/**
* The MIME type of a {@link #CONTENT_URI} sub-directory of a single row.
*/
public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE
= "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.example.api-demos-throttle";
/**
* The default sort order for this table
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "data COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC";
/**
* Column name for the single column holding our data.
* <P>Type: TEXT</P>
*/
public static final String COLUMN_NAME_DATA = "data";
}
/**
* This class helps open, create, and upgrade the database file.
*/
static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "loader_throttle.db";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2;
DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
// calls the super constructor, requesting the default cursor factory.
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
/**
*
* Creates the underlying database with table name and column names taken from the
* NotePad class.
*/
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + MainTable.TABLE_NAME + " ("
+ MainTable._ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
+ MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA + " TEXT"
+ ");");
}
/**
*
* Demonstrates that the provider must consider what happens when the
* underlying datastore is changed. In this sample, the database is upgraded the database
* by destroying the existing data.
* A real application should upgrade the database in place.
*/
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// Logs that the database is being upgraded
Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to "
+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
// Kills the table and existing data
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS notes");
// Recreates the database with a new version
onCreate(db);
}
}
/**
* A very simple implementation of a content provider.
*/
public static class SimpleProvider extends ContentProvider {
// A projection map used to select columns from the database
private final HashMap<String, String> mNotesProjectionMap;
// Uri matcher to decode incoming URIs.
private final UriMatcher mUriMatcher;
// The incoming URI matches the main table URI pattern
private static final int MAIN = 1;
// The incoming URI matches the main table row ID URI pattern
private static final int MAIN_ID = 2;
// Handle to a new DatabaseHelper.
private DatabaseHelper mOpenHelper;
/**
* Global provider initialization.
*/
public SimpleProvider() {
// Create and initialize URI matcher.
mUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
mUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, MainTable.TABLE_NAME, MAIN);
mUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, MainTable.TABLE_NAME + "/#", MAIN_ID);
// Create and initialize projection map for all columns. This is
// simply an identity mapping.
mNotesProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
mNotesProjectionMap.put(MainTable._ID, MainTable._ID);
mNotesProjectionMap.put(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA, MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA);
}
/**
* Perform provider creation.
*/
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
mOpenHelper = new DatabaseHelper(getContext());
// Assumes that any failures will be reported by a thrown exception.
return true;
}
/**
* Handle incoming queries.
*/
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
// Constructs a new query builder and sets its table name
SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
qb.setTables(MainTable.TABLE_NAME);
switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MAIN:
// If the incoming URI is for main table.
qb.setProjectionMap(mNotesProjectionMap);
break;
case MAIN_ID:
// The incoming URI is for a single row.
qb.setProjectionMap(mNotesProjectionMap);
qb.appendWhere(MainTable._ID + "=?");
selectionArgs = DatabaseUtils.appendSelectionArgs(selectionArgs,
new String[] { uri.getLastPathSegment() });
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)) {
sortOrder = MainTable.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
}
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
null /* no group */, null /* no filter */, sortOrder);
c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
return c;
}
/**
* Return the MIME type for an known URI in the provider.
*/
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MAIN:
return MainTable.CONTENT_TYPE;
case MAIN_ID:
return MainTable.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
}
/**
* Handler inserting new data.
*/
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues initialValues) {
if (mUriMatcher.match(uri) != MAIN) {
// Can only insert into to main URI.
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
ContentValues values;
if (initialValues != null) {
values = new ContentValues(initialValues);
} else {
values = new ContentValues();
}
if (values.containsKey(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA) == false) {
values.put(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA, "");
}
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
long rowId = db.insert(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
// If the insert succeeded, the row ID exists.
if (rowId > 0) {
Uri noteUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MainTable.CONTENT_ID_URI_BASE, rowId);
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null);
return noteUri;
}
throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
}
/**
* Handle deleting data.
*/
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] whereArgs) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
String finalWhere;
int count;
switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MAIN:
// If URI is main table, delete uses incoming where clause and args.
count = db.delete(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, where, whereArgs);
break;
// If the incoming URI matches a single note ID, does the delete based on the
// incoming data, but modifies the where clause to restrict it to the
// particular note ID.
case MAIN_ID:
// If URI is for a particular row ID, delete is based on incoming
// data but modified to restrict to the given ID.
finalWhere = DatabaseUtils.concatenateWhere(
MainTable._ID + " = " + ContentUris.parseId(uri), where);
count = db.delete(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, finalWhere, whereArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
/**
* Handle updating data.
*/
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where, String[] whereArgs) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int count;
String finalWhere;
switch (mUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MAIN:
// If URI is main table, update uses incoming where clause and args.
count = db.update(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, values, where, whereArgs);
break;
case MAIN_ID:
// If URI is for a particular row ID, update is based on incoming
// data but modified to restrict to the given ID.
finalWhere = DatabaseUtils.concatenateWhere(
MainTable._ID + " = " + ContentUris.parseId(uri), where);
count = db.update(MainTable.TABLE_NAME, values, finalWhere, whereArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
// Create the list fragment and add it as our sole content.
if (fm.findFragmentById(android.R.id.content) == null) {
ThrottledLoaderListFragment list = new ThrottledLoaderListFragment();
fm.beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, list).commit();
}
}
public static class ThrottledLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment
implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
// Menu identifiers
static final int POPULATE_ID = Menu.FIRST;
static final int CLEAR_ID = Menu.FIRST+1;
// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
// If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
String mCurFilter;
// Task we have running to populate the database.
AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> mPopulatingTask;
@Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
setEmptyText("No data. Select 'Populate' to fill with data from Z to A at a rate of 4 per second.");
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
// Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, null,
new String[] { MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA },
new int[] { android.R.id.text1 }, 0);
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
// Start out with a progress indicator.
setListShown(false);
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
}
@Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
menu.add(Menu.NONE, POPULATE_ID, 0, "Populate")
.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM);
menu.add(Menu.NONE, CLEAR_ID, 0, "Clear")
.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM);
}
@Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
final ContentResolver cr = getActivity().getContentResolver();
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case POPULATE_ID:
if (mPopulatingTask != null) {
mPopulatingTask.cancel(false);
}
mPopulatingTask = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
@Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
for (char c='Z'; c>='A'; c--) {
if (isCancelled()) {
break;
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Data ");
builder.append(c);
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA, builder.toString());
cr.insert(MainTable.CONTENT_URI, values);
// Wait a bit between each insert.
try {
Thread.sleep(250);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
return null;
}
};
mPopulatingTask.executeOnExecutor(
AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, (Void[])null);
return true;
case CLEAR_ID:
if (mPopulatingTask != null) {
mPopulatingTask.cancel(false);
mPopulatingTask = null;
}
AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
@Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
cr.delete(MainTable.CONTENT_URI, null, null);
return null;
}
};
task.execute((Void[])null);
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
@Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
// Insert desired behavior here.
Log.i(TAG, "Item clicked: " + id);
}
// These are the rows that we will retrieve.
static final String[] PROJECTION = new String[] {
MainTable._ID,
MainTable.COLUMN_NAME_DATA,
};
public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
CursorLoader cl = new CursorLoader(getActivity(), MainTable.CONTENT_URI,
PROJECTION, null, null, null);
cl.setUpdateThrottle(2000); // update at most every 2 seconds.
return cl;
}
public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
// The list should now be shown.
if (isResumed()) {
setListShown(true);
} else {
setListShownNoAnimation(true);
}
}
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
}
}
}注：本人转载系个人觉得翻译的很好，值得收藏，且自己回头看着方便。
如有兴趣请访问作者官方博客http://blog.csdn.net/FireOfStar
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