在网上找了例子:http://blog.csdn.net/bearray123/article/details/6185368,但原例子不知道是不是jar比较旧,有些方法不存在了。所以我也在这提下。之前用过mina,因mina的作者和netty的作者是同一个人,所以对此框架入门比较容易。
1:下载netty的jar和官方文档:http://www.jboss.org/netty/ 。现在的稳定版netty-3.5.10.Final-dist.tar.bz2 刚开始下载的以为只能在Linux上用,后来用360解压发现和平常的压缩包没多区别。
2:将一个jar(netty-3.5.10.Final.jar)加到项目中,另一个源码包(netty-3.5.10.Final-sources.jar)也可以加进去。
3: 直接上代码:
MessageClient.java
package com.example;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory;
public class MessageClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
create();
}
public static void create(){
String host = "127.0.0.1";
int port = 9550;
// Configure the client.
ClientBootstrap bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap(
new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(
Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),
Executors.newCachedThreadPool()));
// Set up the event pipeline factory.
// bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new MessageServerPipelineFactory());
bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast("decoder", new MessageDecoder());
bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast("encoder", new MessageEncoder());
bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast("handler", new MessageClientHandler());
// Start the connection attempt.
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port));
// Wait until the connection is closed or the connection attempt fails.
future.getChannel().getCloseFuture().awaitUninterruptibly();
// Shut down thread pools to exit.
// future.getChannel().write("我们都是中国人 啊啊!");
bootstrap.releaseExternalResources();
}
}
上面把bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new MessageServerPipelineFactory()); 给注释掉了,原例子中服务端和客户端共用MessageServerPipelineFactory,但在添加handler的时候,添加的却是服务端的handler,所以是有问题的。要么写两个
MessageServerPipelineFactory类,要么直接像上面那样添加。不能既有MessageServerPipelineFactory,又有bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast()这个方法。
MessageClientHandler.java
package com.example;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler;
public class MessageClientHandler extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler {
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(
MessageClientHandler.class.getName());
@Override
public void channelConnected(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) {
e.getChannel().write(getAString(256));
}
@Override
public void messageReceived(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) {
// Send back the received message to the remote peer.
System.out.println("messageReceived send message "+e.getMessage());
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.getChannel().write(e.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) {
// Close the connection when an exception is raised.
logger.log(
Level.WARNING,
"Unexpected exception from downstream.",
e.getCause());
e.getChannel().close();
}
public String getAString(int size){
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("");
for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
str.append("a");
}
return str.toString();
}
}
在channelConnected方法中,当连接到服务器的时候,就开始发送256字节的字符串。当messageReceived接收到服务器的消息时,又把消息发送给服务器。
MessageEncoder.java
package com.example;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.oneone.OneToOneEncoder;
public class MessageEncoder extends OneToOneEncoder {
@Override
protected Object encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Channel channel,
Object msg) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (!(msg instanceof String)) {
return msg;//(1)
}
String res = (String)msg;
byte[] data = res.getBytes();
int dataLength = data.length;
ChannelBuffer buf = ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer();//(2)
buf.writeInt(dataLength);
buf.writeBytes(data);
return buf;
}
}
开始编码:将要发送的字符串转换成字节,数据包头是一个4字节的int,后面就是字符串byte.
MessageDecoder.java
package com.example;
import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.FrameDecoder;
public class MessageDecoder extends FrameDecoder{
@Override
protected Object decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Channel channel,
ChannelBuffer buffer) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (buffer.readableBytes() < 4) {
return null;//(1)
}
int dataLength = buffer.getInt(buffer.readerIndex());
if (buffer.readableBytes() < dataLength + 4) {
return null;//(2)
}
buffer.skipBytes(4);//(3)
byte[] decoded = new byte[dataLength];
buffer.readBytes(decoded);
String msg = new String(decoded);//(4)
return msg;
}
}
对应前面的编码,先读取4字节的int.如发现不够4字节,则直接返回null,累积到下一次读取。如果发现读取的数据长度不够,则累积到下一次读取。
MessageServer.java
package com.example;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;
public class MessageServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Configure the server.
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(
new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(
Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),
Executors.newCachedThreadPool()));
// Set up the default event pipeline.
// bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new MessageServerPipelineFactory());
bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast("decoder", new MessageDecoder());
bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast("encoder", new MessageEncoder());
bootstrap.getPipeline().addLast("handler", new MessageServerHandler());
// Bind and start to accept incoming connections.
bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9550));
}
}
MessageServerHandler.java
package com.example;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler;
public class MessageServerHandler extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler{
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(
MessageServerHandler.class.getName());
@Override
public void messageReceived(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) {
e.getChannel().write(e.getMessage());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) {
logger.log(
Level.WARNING,
"Unexpected exception from downstream.",
e.getCause());
e.getChannel().close();
}
@Override
public void channelOpen(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e)
throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
MessageServerPipelineFactory.java
package com.example;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
public class MessageServerPipelineFactory implements ChannelPipelineFactory {
public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new MessageDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new MessageEncoder());
//pipeline.addLast("handler", new MessageServerHandler());
return pipeline;
}
}
上面例子源代码 最后比较了下。mina和netty的性能差不多。但mina比较消耗CPU,netty编解码非常简单。